CRISPR-Cas9 as a Powerful Tool for Efficient Creation of Oncolytic Viruses

The development of oncolytic viruses has led to an emerging new class of cancer therapeutics. Although the safety profile has been encouraging, the transition of oncolytic viruses to the clinical setting has been a slow process due to modifications. Therefore, a new generation of more potent oncolyt...

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Main Authors:	Yuan, Ming, Webb, Eika, Lemoine, Nicholas Robert, Wang, Yaohe
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI 2016
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4810262/

id	pubmed-4810262
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-48102622016-04-04 CRISPR-Cas9 as a Powerful Tool for Efficient Creation of Oncolytic Viruses Yuan, Ming Webb, Eika Lemoine, Nicholas Robert Wang, Yaohe Review The development of oncolytic viruses has led to an emerging new class of cancer therapeutics. Although the safety profile has been encouraging, the transition of oncolytic viruses to the clinical setting has been a slow process due to modifications. Therefore, a new generation of more potent oncolytic viruses needs to be exploited, following our better understanding of the complex interactions between the tumor, its microenvironment, the virus, and the host immune response. The conventional method for creation of tumor-targeted oncolytic viruses is based on homologous recombination. However, the creation of new mutant oncolytic viruses with large genomes remains a challenge due to the multi-step process and low efficiency of homologous recombination. The CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9 has hugely advanced the potential to edit the genomes of various organisms due to the ability of Cas9 to target a specific genomic site by a single guide RNA. In this review, we discuss the CRISPR-Cas9 system as an efficient viral editing method for the creation of new oncolytic viruses, as well as its potential future applications in the development of oncolytic viruses. Further, this review discusses the potential of off-target effects as well as CRISPR-Cas9 as a tool for basic research into viral biology. MDPI 2016-03-07 /pmc/articles/PMC4810262/ /pubmed/26959050 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v8030072 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Yuan, Ming Webb, Eika Lemoine, Nicholas Robert Wang, Yaohe
spellingShingle	Yuan, Ming Webb, Eika Lemoine, Nicholas Robert Wang, Yaohe CRISPR-Cas9 as a Powerful Tool for Efficient Creation of Oncolytic Viruses
author_facet	Yuan, Ming Webb, Eika Lemoine, Nicholas Robert Wang, Yaohe
author_sort	Yuan, Ming
title	CRISPR-Cas9 as a Powerful Tool for Efficient Creation of Oncolytic Viruses
title_short	CRISPR-Cas9 as a Powerful Tool for Efficient Creation of Oncolytic Viruses
title_full	CRISPR-Cas9 as a Powerful Tool for Efficient Creation of Oncolytic Viruses
title_fullStr	CRISPR-Cas9 as a Powerful Tool for Efficient Creation of Oncolytic Viruses
title_full_unstemmed	CRISPR-Cas9 as a Powerful Tool for Efficient Creation of Oncolytic Viruses
title_sort	crispr-cas9 as a powerful tool for efficient creation of oncolytic viruses
description	The development of oncolytic viruses has led to an emerging new class of cancer therapeutics. Although the safety profile has been encouraging, the transition of oncolytic viruses to the clinical setting has been a slow process due to modifications. Therefore, a new generation of more potent oncolytic viruses needs to be exploited, following our better understanding of the complex interactions between the tumor, its microenvironment, the virus, and the host immune response. The conventional method for creation of tumor-targeted oncolytic viruses is based on homologous recombination. However, the creation of new mutant oncolytic viruses with large genomes remains a challenge due to the multi-step process and low efficiency of homologous recombination. The CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9 has hugely advanced the potential to edit the genomes of various organisms due to the ability of Cas9 to target a specific genomic site by a single guide RNA. In this review, we discuss the CRISPR-Cas9 system as an efficient viral editing method for the creation of new oncolytic viruses, as well as its potential future applications in the development of oncolytic viruses. Further, this review discusses the potential of off-target effects as well as CRISPR-Cas9 as a tool for basic research into viral biology.
publisher	MDPI
publishDate	2016
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4810262/
_version_	1613558609825759232

CRISPR-Cas9 as a Powerful Tool for Efficient Creation of Oncolytic Viruses

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