Genotoxic capacity of Cd/Se semiconductor quantum dots with differing surface chemistries

Quantum dots (QD) have unique electronic and optical properties promoting biotechnological advances. However, our understanding of the toxicological structure–activity relationships remains limited. This study aimed to determine the biological impact of varying nanomaterial surface chemistry by asse...

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Main Authors:	Manshian, Bella B., Soenen, Stefaan J., Brown, Andy, Hondow, Nicole, Wills, John, Jenkins, Gareth J. S., Doak, Shareen H.
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Oxford University Press 2016
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4696518/

id	pubmed-4696518
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-46965182015-12-31 Genotoxic capacity of Cd/Se semiconductor quantum dots with differing surface chemistries Manshian, Bella B. Soenen, Stefaan J. Brown, Andy Hondow, Nicole Wills, John Jenkins, Gareth J. S. Doak, Shareen H. Original Manuscript Quantum dots (QD) have unique electronic and optical properties promoting biotechnological advances. However, our understanding of the toxicological structure–activity relationships remains limited. This study aimed to determine the biological impact of varying nanomaterial surface chemistry by assessing the interaction of QD with either a negative (carboxyl), neutral (hexadecylamine; HDA) or positive (amine) polymer coating with human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells. Following QD physico-chemical characterisation, cellular uptake was quantified by optical and electron microscopy. Cytotoxicity was evaluated and genotoxicity was characterised using the micronucleus assay (gross chromosomal damage) and the HPRT forward mutation assay (point mutagenicity). Cellular damage mechanisms were also explored, focusing on oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. Cell uptake, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were found to be dependent on QD surface chemistry. Carboxyl-QD demonstrated the smallest agglomerate size and greatest cellular uptake, which correlated with a dose dependent increase in cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Amine-QD induced minimal cellular damage, while HDA-QD promoted substantial induction of cell death and genotoxicity. However, HDA-QD were not internalised by the cells and the damage they caused was most likely due to free cadmium release caused by QD dissolution. Oxidative stress and induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species were only partially associated with cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by the QD, hence were not the only mechanisms of importance. Colloidal stability, nanoparticle (NP) surface chemistry, cellular uptake levels and the intrinsic characteristics of the NPs are therefore critical parameters impacting genotoxicity induced by QD. Oxford University Press 2016-01 2015-08-14 /pmc/articles/PMC4696518/ /pubmed/26275419 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mutage/gev061 Text en © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the UK Environmental Mutagen Society. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Manshian, Bella B. Soenen, Stefaan J. Brown, Andy Hondow, Nicole Wills, John Jenkins, Gareth J. S. Doak, Shareen H.
spellingShingle	Manshian, Bella B. Soenen, Stefaan J. Brown, Andy Hondow, Nicole Wills, John Jenkins, Gareth J. S. Doak, Shareen H. Genotoxic capacity of Cd/Se semiconductor quantum dots with differing surface chemistries
author_facet	Manshian, Bella B. Soenen, Stefaan J. Brown, Andy Hondow, Nicole Wills, John Jenkins, Gareth J. S. Doak, Shareen H.
author_sort	Manshian, Bella B.
title	Genotoxic capacity of Cd/Se semiconductor quantum dots with differing surface chemistries
title_short	Genotoxic capacity of Cd/Se semiconductor quantum dots with differing surface chemistries
title_full	Genotoxic capacity of Cd/Se semiconductor quantum dots with differing surface chemistries
title_fullStr	Genotoxic capacity of Cd/Se semiconductor quantum dots with differing surface chemistries
title_full_unstemmed	Genotoxic capacity of Cd/Se semiconductor quantum dots with differing surface chemistries
title_sort	genotoxic capacity of cd/se semiconductor quantum dots with differing surface chemistries
description	Quantum dots (QD) have unique electronic and optical properties promoting biotechnological advances. However, our understanding of the toxicological structure–activity relationships remains limited. This study aimed to determine the biological impact of varying nanomaterial surface chemistry by assessing the interaction of QD with either a negative (carboxyl), neutral (hexadecylamine; HDA) or positive (amine) polymer coating with human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells. Following QD physico-chemical characterisation, cellular uptake was quantified by optical and electron microscopy. Cytotoxicity was evaluated and genotoxicity was characterised using the micronucleus assay (gross chromosomal damage) and the HPRT forward mutation assay (point mutagenicity). Cellular damage mechanisms were also explored, focusing on oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. Cell uptake, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were found to be dependent on QD surface chemistry. Carboxyl-QD demonstrated the smallest agglomerate size and greatest cellular uptake, which correlated with a dose dependent increase in cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Amine-QD induced minimal cellular damage, while HDA-QD promoted substantial induction of cell death and genotoxicity. However, HDA-QD were not internalised by the cells and the damage they caused was most likely due to free cadmium release caused by QD dissolution. Oxidative stress and induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species were only partially associated with cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by the QD, hence were not the only mechanisms of importance. Colloidal stability, nanoparticle (NP) surface chemistry, cellular uptake levels and the intrinsic characteristics of the NPs are therefore critical parameters impacting genotoxicity induced by QD.
publisher	Oxford University Press
publishDate	2016
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4696518/
_version_	1613518432885538816

Genotoxic capacity of Cd/Se semiconductor quantum dots with differing surface chemistries

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