AID to overcome the limitations of genomic information by introducing somatic DNA alterations

AID to overcome the limitations of genomic information by introducing somatic DNA alterations

The immune system has adopted somatic DNA alterations to overcome the limitations of the genomic information. Activation induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is an essential enzyme to regulate class switch recombination (CSR), somatic hypermutation (SHM) and gene conversion (GC) of the immunoglobulin ge...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Honjo, Tasuku, Muramatsu, Masamichi, Nagaoka, Hitoshi, Kinoshita, Kazuo, Shinkura, Reiko
Format: Online
Language:English
Published: The Japan Academy 2006
Online Access:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4323042/
id pubmed-4323042
recordtype oai_dc
spelling pubmed-43230422015-04-14 AID to overcome the limitations of genomic information by introducing somatic DNA alterations Honjo, Tasuku Muramatsu, Masamichi Nagaoka, Hitoshi Kinoshita, Kazuo Shinkura, Reiko Review The immune system has adopted somatic DNA alterations to overcome the limitations of the genomic information. Activation induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is an essential enzyme to regulate class switch recombination (CSR), somatic hypermutation (SHM) and gene conversion (GC) of the immunoglobulin gene. AID is known to be required for DNA cleavage of S regions in CSR and V regions in SHM. However, its molecular mechanism is a focus of extensive debate. RNA editing hypothesis postulates that AID edits yet unknown mRNA, to generate specific endonucleases for CSR and SHM. By contrast, DNA deamination hypothesis assumes that AID deaminates cytosine in DNA, followed by DNA cleavage by base excision repair enzymes. We summarize the basic knowledge for molecular mechanisms for CSR and SHM and then discuss the importance of AID not only in the immune regulation but also in the genome instability. The Japan Academy 2006-05 /pmc/articles/PMC4323042/ /pubmed/25873751 Text en © 2006 The Japan Academy This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
repository_type Open Access Journal
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building NCBI PubMed
collection Online Access
language English
format Online
author Honjo, Tasuku
Muramatsu, Masamichi
Nagaoka, Hitoshi
Kinoshita, Kazuo
Shinkura, Reiko
spellingShingle Honjo, Tasuku
Muramatsu, Masamichi
Nagaoka, Hitoshi
Kinoshita, Kazuo
Shinkura, Reiko
AID to overcome the limitations of genomic information by introducing somatic DNA alterations
author_facet Honjo, Tasuku
Muramatsu, Masamichi
Nagaoka, Hitoshi
Kinoshita, Kazuo
Shinkura, Reiko
author_sort Honjo, Tasuku
title AID to overcome the limitations of genomic information by introducing somatic DNA alterations
title_short AID to overcome the limitations of genomic information by introducing somatic DNA alterations
title_full AID to overcome the limitations of genomic information by introducing somatic DNA alterations
title_fullStr AID to overcome the limitations of genomic information by introducing somatic DNA alterations
title_full_unstemmed AID to overcome the limitations of genomic information by introducing somatic DNA alterations
title_sort aid to overcome the limitations of genomic information by introducing somatic dna alterations
description The immune system has adopted somatic DNA alterations to overcome the limitations of the genomic information. Activation induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is an essential enzyme to regulate class switch recombination (CSR), somatic hypermutation (SHM) and gene conversion (GC) of the immunoglobulin gene. AID is known to be required for DNA cleavage of S regions in CSR and V regions in SHM. However, its molecular mechanism is a focus of extensive debate. RNA editing hypothesis postulates that AID edits yet unknown mRNA, to generate specific endonucleases for CSR and SHM. By contrast, DNA deamination hypothesis assumes that AID deaminates cytosine in DNA, followed by DNA cleavage by base excision repair enzymes. We summarize the basic knowledge for molecular mechanisms for CSR and SHM and then discuss the importance of AID not only in the immune regulation but also in the genome instability.
publisher The Japan Academy
publishDate 2006
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4323042/
_version_ 1613186288193634304

Similar Items