Immunologic checkpoints in cancer therapy: focus on the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor pathway
T-lymphocytes have the potential to recognize cancer antigens as foreign and therefore eliminate them. However, immune checkpoints such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA)-4 and programmed cell death (PD)-1 receptor and its ligands (PD-L1, PD-L2) suppress the activity of T-lymphocyte...
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| Format: | Online |
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Dove Medical Press
2014
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| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4238865/ |
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pubmed-42388652014-12-05 Immunologic checkpoints in cancer therapy: focus on the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor pathway Momtaz, Parisa Postow, Michael A Review T-lymphocytes have the potential to recognize cancer antigens as foreign and therefore eliminate them. However, immune checkpoints such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA)-4 and programmed cell death (PD)-1 receptor and its ligands (PD-L1, PD-L2) suppress the activity of T-lymphocytes. Advances in the understanding of immunology and its role in cancer have led to the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors that block CTLA-4 and PD-1 and result in durable responses in patients with a wide range of cancers. PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors are currently in many stages of clinical investigation, and the anti-PD-1 antibody, pembrolizumab, was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Many questions remain to be answered, such as the optimal administration schedule, biomarkers that associate with benefit, and potential for use of PD-1 agents in combination approaches. Nonetheless, immunotherapy with PD-1 blocking antibodies is now becoming an integral part in the management of cancer. Dove Medical Press 2014-11-15 /pmc/articles/PMC4238865/ /pubmed/25484597 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/PGPM.S53163 Text en © 2014 Momtaz and Postow. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. |
| repository_type |
Open Access Journal |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
US National Center for Biotechnology Information |
| building |
NCBI PubMed |
| collection |
Online Access |
| language |
English |
| format |
Online |
| author |
Momtaz, Parisa Postow, Michael A |
| spellingShingle |
Momtaz, Parisa Postow, Michael A Immunologic checkpoints in cancer therapy: focus on the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor pathway |
| author_facet |
Momtaz, Parisa Postow, Michael A |
| author_sort |
Momtaz, Parisa |
| title |
Immunologic checkpoints in cancer therapy: focus on the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor pathway |
| title_short |
Immunologic checkpoints in cancer therapy: focus on the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor pathway |
| title_full |
Immunologic checkpoints in cancer therapy: focus on the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor pathway |
| title_fullStr |
Immunologic checkpoints in cancer therapy: focus on the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor pathway |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Immunologic checkpoints in cancer therapy: focus on the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor pathway |
| title_sort |
immunologic checkpoints in cancer therapy: focus on the programmed death-1 (pd-1) receptor pathway |
| description |
T-lymphocytes have the potential to recognize cancer antigens as foreign and therefore eliminate them. However, immune checkpoints such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA)-4 and programmed cell death (PD)-1 receptor and its ligands (PD-L1, PD-L2) suppress the activity of T-lymphocytes. Advances in the understanding of immunology and its role in cancer have led to the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors that block CTLA-4 and PD-1 and result in durable responses in patients with a wide range of cancers. PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors are currently in many stages of clinical investigation, and the anti-PD-1 antibody, pembrolizumab, was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Many questions remain to be answered, such as the optimal administration schedule, biomarkers that associate with benefit, and potential for use of PD-1 agents in combination approaches. Nonetheless, immunotherapy with PD-1 blocking antibodies is now becoming an integral part in the management of cancer. |
| publisher |
Dove Medical Press |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4238865/ |
| _version_ |
1613159138104180736 |