A Systematic Review Characterizing On-Farm Sources of Campylobacter spp. for Broiler Chickens

Campylobacter and antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter are frequently isolated from broiler chickens worldwide. In Canada, campylobacteriosis is the third leading cause of enteric disease and the regional emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter in broiler chickens has raised a public he...

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Main Authors:	Agunos, Agnes, Waddell, Lisa, Léger, David, Taboada, Eduardo
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Public Library of Science 2014
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4149356/

id	pubmed-4149356
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-41493562014-09-03 A Systematic Review Characterizing On-Farm Sources of Campylobacter spp. for Broiler Chickens Agunos, Agnes Waddell, Lisa Léger, David Taboada, Eduardo Research Article Campylobacter and antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter are frequently isolated from broiler chickens worldwide. In Canada, campylobacteriosis is the third leading cause of enteric disease and the regional emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter in broiler chickens has raised a public health concern. This study aimed to identify, critically appraise, and synthesize literature on sources of Campylobacter in broilers at the farm level using systematic review methodology. Literature searches were conducted in January 2012 and included electronic searches in four bibliographic databases. Relevant studies in French or English (n = 95) conducted worldwide in any year and all study designs were included. Risk of Bias and GRADE criteria endorsed by the Cochrane collaboration was used to assess the internal validity of the study and overall confidence in the meta-analysis. The categories for on-farm sources were: broiler breeders/vertical transfer (number of studies = 32), animals (n = 57), humans (n = 26), environment (n = 54), and water (n = 63). Only three studies examined the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter from these on-farm sources. Subgroups of data by source and outcome were analyzed using random effect meta-analysis. The highest risk for contaminating a new flock appears to be a contaminated barn environment due to insufficient cleaning and disinfection, insufficient downtime, and the presence of an adjacent broiler flock. Effective biosecurity enhancements from physical barriers to restricting human movement on the farm are recommended for consideration to enhance local on-farm food safety programs. Improved sampling procedures and standardized laboratory testing are needed for comparability across studies. Knowledge gaps that should be addressed include farm-level drug use and antimicrobial resistance information, further evaluation of the potential for vertical transfer, and improved genotyping methods to strengthen our understanding of Campylobacter epidemiology in broilers at the farm-level. This systematic review emphasizes the importance of improved industry-level and on-farm risk management strategies to reduce pre-harvest Campylobacter in broilers. Public Library of Science 2014-08-29 /pmc/articles/PMC4149356/ /pubmed/25171228 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104905 Text en © 2014 Agunos et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Agunos, Agnes Waddell, Lisa Léger, David Taboada, Eduardo
spellingShingle	Agunos, Agnes Waddell, Lisa Léger, David Taboada, Eduardo A Systematic Review Characterizing On-Farm Sources of Campylobacter spp. for Broiler Chickens
author_facet	Agunos, Agnes Waddell, Lisa Léger, David Taboada, Eduardo
author_sort	Agunos, Agnes
title	A Systematic Review Characterizing On-Farm Sources of Campylobacter spp. for Broiler Chickens
title_short	A Systematic Review Characterizing On-Farm Sources of Campylobacter spp. for Broiler Chickens
title_full	A Systematic Review Characterizing On-Farm Sources of Campylobacter spp. for Broiler Chickens
title_fullStr	A Systematic Review Characterizing On-Farm Sources of Campylobacter spp. for Broiler Chickens
title_full_unstemmed	A Systematic Review Characterizing On-Farm Sources of Campylobacter spp. for Broiler Chickens
title_sort	systematic review characterizing on-farm sources of campylobacter spp. for broiler chickens
description	Campylobacter and antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter are frequently isolated from broiler chickens worldwide. In Canada, campylobacteriosis is the third leading cause of enteric disease and the regional emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter in broiler chickens has raised a public health concern. This study aimed to identify, critically appraise, and synthesize literature on sources of Campylobacter in broilers at the farm level using systematic review methodology. Literature searches were conducted in January 2012 and included electronic searches in four bibliographic databases. Relevant studies in French or English (n = 95) conducted worldwide in any year and all study designs were included. Risk of Bias and GRADE criteria endorsed by the Cochrane collaboration was used to assess the internal validity of the study and overall confidence in the meta-analysis. The categories for on-farm sources were: broiler breeders/vertical transfer (number of studies = 32), animals (n = 57), humans (n = 26), environment (n = 54), and water (n = 63). Only three studies examined the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter from these on-farm sources. Subgroups of data by source and outcome were analyzed using random effect meta-analysis. The highest risk for contaminating a new flock appears to be a contaminated barn environment due to insufficient cleaning and disinfection, insufficient downtime, and the presence of an adjacent broiler flock. Effective biosecurity enhancements from physical barriers to restricting human movement on the farm are recommended for consideration to enhance local on-farm food safety programs. Improved sampling procedures and standardized laboratory testing are needed for comparability across studies. Knowledge gaps that should be addressed include farm-level drug use and antimicrobial resistance information, further evaluation of the potential for vertical transfer, and improved genotyping methods to strengthen our understanding of Campylobacter epidemiology in broilers at the farm-level. This systematic review emphasizes the importance of improved industry-level and on-farm risk management strategies to reduce pre-harvest Campylobacter in broilers.
publisher	Public Library of Science
publishDate	2014
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4149356/
_version_	1613129317571624960

A Systematic Review Characterizing On-Farm Sources of Campylobacter spp. for Broiler Chickens

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