Norspermidine Is Not a Self-Produced Trigger for Biofilm Disassembly

Formation of Bacillus subtilis biofilms, consisting of cells encapsulated within an extracellular matrix of exopolysaccharide and protein, requires the polyamine spermidine. A recent study reported that (1) related polyamine norspermidine is synthesized by B. subtilis using the equivalent of the Vib...

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Main Authors:	Hobley, Laura, Kim, Sok Ho, Maezato, Yukari, Wyllie, Susan, Fairlamb, Alan H., Stanley-Wall, Nicola R., Michael, Anthony J.
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Cell Press 2014
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3969229/

id	pubmed-3969229
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-39692292014-03-31 Norspermidine Is Not a Self-Produced Trigger for Biofilm Disassembly Hobley, Laura Kim, Sok Ho Maezato, Yukari Wyllie, Susan Fairlamb, Alan H. Stanley-Wall, Nicola R. Michael, Anthony J. Matters Arising Formation of Bacillus subtilis biofilms, consisting of cells encapsulated within an extracellular matrix of exopolysaccharide and protein, requires the polyamine spermidine. A recent study reported that (1) related polyamine norspermidine is synthesized by B. subtilis using the equivalent of the Vibrio cholerae biosynthetic pathway, (2) exogenous norspermidine at 25 μM prevents B. subtilis biofilm formation, (3) endogenous norspermidine is present in biofilms at 50–80 μM, and (4) norspermidine prevents biofilm formation by condensing biofilm exopolysaccharide. In contrast, we find that, at concentrations up to 200 μM, exogenous norspermidine promotes biofilm formation. We find that norspermidine is absent in wild-type B. subtilis biofilms at all stages, and higher concentrations of exogenous norspermidine eventually inhibit planktonic growth and biofilm formation in an exopolysaccharide-independent manner. Moreover, orthologs of the V. cholerae norspermidine biosynthetic pathway are absent from B. subtilis, confirming that norspermidine is not physiologically relevant to biofilm function in this species. Cell Press 2014-02-13 /pmc/articles/PMC3969229/ /pubmed/24529384 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.01.012 Text en © 2014 The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Hobley, Laura Kim, Sok Ho Maezato, Yukari Wyllie, Susan Fairlamb, Alan H. Stanley-Wall, Nicola R. Michael, Anthony J.
spellingShingle	Hobley, Laura Kim, Sok Ho Maezato, Yukari Wyllie, Susan Fairlamb, Alan H. Stanley-Wall, Nicola R. Michael, Anthony J. Norspermidine Is Not a Self-Produced Trigger for Biofilm Disassembly
author_facet	Hobley, Laura Kim, Sok Ho Maezato, Yukari Wyllie, Susan Fairlamb, Alan H. Stanley-Wall, Nicola R. Michael, Anthony J.
author_sort	Hobley, Laura
title	Norspermidine Is Not a Self-Produced Trigger for Biofilm Disassembly
title_short	Norspermidine Is Not a Self-Produced Trigger for Biofilm Disassembly
title_full	Norspermidine Is Not a Self-Produced Trigger for Biofilm Disassembly
title_fullStr	Norspermidine Is Not a Self-Produced Trigger for Biofilm Disassembly
title_full_unstemmed	Norspermidine Is Not a Self-Produced Trigger for Biofilm Disassembly
title_sort	norspermidine is not a self-produced trigger for biofilm disassembly
description	Formation of Bacillus subtilis biofilms, consisting of cells encapsulated within an extracellular matrix of exopolysaccharide and protein, requires the polyamine spermidine. A recent study reported that (1) related polyamine norspermidine is synthesized by B. subtilis using the equivalent of the Vibrio cholerae biosynthetic pathway, (2) exogenous norspermidine at 25 μM prevents B. subtilis biofilm formation, (3) endogenous norspermidine is present in biofilms at 50–80 μM, and (4) norspermidine prevents biofilm formation by condensing biofilm exopolysaccharide. In contrast, we find that, at concentrations up to 200 μM, exogenous norspermidine promotes biofilm formation. We find that norspermidine is absent in wild-type B. subtilis biofilms at all stages, and higher concentrations of exogenous norspermidine eventually inhibit planktonic growth and biofilm formation in an exopolysaccharide-independent manner. Moreover, orthologs of the V. cholerae norspermidine biosynthetic pathway are absent from B. subtilis, confirming that norspermidine is not physiologically relevant to biofilm function in this species.
publisher	Cell Press
publishDate	2014
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3969229/
_version_	1612072262580568064

Norspermidine Is Not a Self-Produced Trigger for Biofilm Disassembly

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