The Streamlined Genome of Phytomonas spp. Relative to Human Pathogenic Kinetoplastids Reveals a Parasite Tailored for Plants

Members of the family Trypanosomatidae infect many organisms, including animals, plants and humans. Plant-infecting trypanosomes are grouped under the single genus Phytomonas, failing to reflect the wide biological and pathological diversity of these protists. While some Phytomonas spp. multiply in...

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Main Authors:	Porcel, Betina M., Denoeud, France, Opperdoes, Fred, Noel, Benjamin, Madoui, Mohammed-Amine, Hammarton, Tansy C., Field, Mark C., Da Silva, Corinne, Couloux, Arnaud, Poulain, Julie, Katinka, Michael, Jabbari, Kamel, Aury, Jean-Marc, Campbell, David A., Cintron, Roxana, Dickens, Nicholas J., Docampo, Roberto, Sturm, Nancy R., Koumandou, V. Lila, Fabre, Sandrine, Flegontov, Pavel, Lukeš, Julius, Michaeli, Shulamit, Mottram, Jeremy C., Szöőr, Balázs, Zilberstein, Dan, Bringaud, Frédéric, Wincker, Patrick, Dollet, Michel
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Public Library of Science 2014
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3916237/

id	pubmed-3916237
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-39162372014-02-10 The Streamlined Genome of Phytomonas spp. Relative to Human Pathogenic Kinetoplastids Reveals a Parasite Tailored for Plants Porcel, Betina M. Denoeud, France Opperdoes, Fred Noel, Benjamin Madoui, Mohammed-Amine Hammarton, Tansy C. Field, Mark C. Da Silva, Corinne Couloux, Arnaud Poulain, Julie Katinka, Michael Jabbari, Kamel Aury, Jean-Marc Campbell, David A. Cintron, Roxana Dickens, Nicholas J. Docampo, Roberto Sturm, Nancy R. Koumandou, V. Lila Fabre, Sandrine Flegontov, Pavel Lukeš, Julius Michaeli, Shulamit Mottram, Jeremy C. Szöőr, Balázs Zilberstein, Dan Bringaud, Frédéric Wincker, Patrick Dollet, Michel Research Article Members of the family Trypanosomatidae infect many organisms, including animals, plants and humans. Plant-infecting trypanosomes are grouped under the single genus Phytomonas, failing to reflect the wide biological and pathological diversity of these protists. While some Phytomonas spp. multiply in the latex of plants, or in fruit or seeds without apparent pathogenicity, others colonize the phloem sap and afflict plants of substantial economic value, including the coffee tree, coconut and oil palms. Plant trypanosomes have not been studied extensively at the genome level, a major gap in understanding and controlling pathogenesis. We describe the genome sequences of two plant trypanosomatids, one pathogenic isolate from a Guianan coconut and one non-symptomatic isolate from Euphorbia collected in France. Although these parasites have extremely distinct pathogenic impacts, very few genes are unique to either, with the vast majority of genes shared by both isolates. Significantly, both Phytomonas spp. genomes consist essentially of single copy genes for the bulk of their metabolic enzymes, whereas other trypanosomatids e.g. Leishmania and Trypanosoma possess multiple paralogous genes or families. Indeed, comparison with other trypanosomatid genomes revealed a highly streamlined genome, encoding for a minimized metabolic system while conserving the major pathways, and with retention of a full complement of endomembrane organelles, but with no evidence for functional complexity. Identification of the metabolic genes of Phytomonas provides opportunities for establishing in vitro culturing of these fastidious parasites and new tools for the control of agricultural plant disease. Public Library of Science 2014-02-06 /pmc/articles/PMC3916237/ /pubmed/24516393 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1004007 Text en © 2014 Porcel et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Porcel, Betina M. Denoeud, France Opperdoes, Fred Noel, Benjamin Madoui, Mohammed-Amine Hammarton, Tansy C. Field, Mark C. Da Silva, Corinne Couloux, Arnaud Poulain, Julie Katinka, Michael Jabbari, Kamel Aury, Jean-Marc Campbell, David A. Cintron, Roxana Dickens, Nicholas J. Docampo, Roberto Sturm, Nancy R. Koumandou, V. Lila Fabre, Sandrine Flegontov, Pavel Lukeš, Julius Michaeli, Shulamit Mottram, Jeremy C. Szöőr, Balázs Zilberstein, Dan Bringaud, Frédéric Wincker, Patrick Dollet, Michel
spellingShingle	Porcel, Betina M. Denoeud, France Opperdoes, Fred Noel, Benjamin Madoui, Mohammed-Amine Hammarton, Tansy C. Field, Mark C. Da Silva, Corinne Couloux, Arnaud Poulain, Julie Katinka, Michael Jabbari, Kamel Aury, Jean-Marc Campbell, David A. Cintron, Roxana Dickens, Nicholas J. Docampo, Roberto Sturm, Nancy R. Koumandou, V. Lila Fabre, Sandrine Flegontov, Pavel Lukeš, Julius Michaeli, Shulamit Mottram, Jeremy C. Szöőr, Balázs Zilberstein, Dan Bringaud, Frédéric Wincker, Patrick Dollet, Michel The Streamlined Genome of Phytomonas spp. Relative to Human Pathogenic Kinetoplastids Reveals a Parasite Tailored for Plants
author_facet	Porcel, Betina M. Denoeud, France Opperdoes, Fred Noel, Benjamin Madoui, Mohammed-Amine Hammarton, Tansy C. Field, Mark C. Da Silva, Corinne Couloux, Arnaud Poulain, Julie Katinka, Michael Jabbari, Kamel Aury, Jean-Marc Campbell, David A. Cintron, Roxana Dickens, Nicholas J. Docampo, Roberto Sturm, Nancy R. Koumandou, V. Lila Fabre, Sandrine Flegontov, Pavel Lukeš, Julius Michaeli, Shulamit Mottram, Jeremy C. Szöőr, Balázs Zilberstein, Dan Bringaud, Frédéric Wincker, Patrick Dollet, Michel
author_sort	Porcel, Betina M.
title	The Streamlined Genome of Phytomonas spp. Relative to Human Pathogenic Kinetoplastids Reveals a Parasite Tailored for Plants
title_short	The Streamlined Genome of Phytomonas spp. Relative to Human Pathogenic Kinetoplastids Reveals a Parasite Tailored for Plants
title_full	The Streamlined Genome of Phytomonas spp. Relative to Human Pathogenic Kinetoplastids Reveals a Parasite Tailored for Plants
title_fullStr	The Streamlined Genome of Phytomonas spp. Relative to Human Pathogenic Kinetoplastids Reveals a Parasite Tailored for Plants
title_full_unstemmed	The Streamlined Genome of Phytomonas spp. Relative to Human Pathogenic Kinetoplastids Reveals a Parasite Tailored for Plants
title_sort	streamlined genome of phytomonas spp. relative to human pathogenic kinetoplastids reveals a parasite tailored for plants
description	Members of the family Trypanosomatidae infect many organisms, including animals, plants and humans. Plant-infecting trypanosomes are grouped under the single genus Phytomonas, failing to reflect the wide biological and pathological diversity of these protists. While some Phytomonas spp. multiply in the latex of plants, or in fruit or seeds without apparent pathogenicity, others colonize the phloem sap and afflict plants of substantial economic value, including the coffee tree, coconut and oil palms. Plant trypanosomes have not been studied extensively at the genome level, a major gap in understanding and controlling pathogenesis. We describe the genome sequences of two plant trypanosomatids, one pathogenic isolate from a Guianan coconut and one non-symptomatic isolate from Euphorbia collected in France. Although these parasites have extremely distinct pathogenic impacts, very few genes are unique to either, with the vast majority of genes shared by both isolates. Significantly, both Phytomonas spp. genomes consist essentially of single copy genes for the bulk of their metabolic enzymes, whereas other trypanosomatids e.g. Leishmania and Trypanosoma possess multiple paralogous genes or families. Indeed, comparison with other trypanosomatid genomes revealed a highly streamlined genome, encoding for a minimized metabolic system while conserving the major pathways, and with retention of a full complement of endomembrane organelles, but with no evidence for functional complexity. Identification of the metabolic genes of Phytomonas provides opportunities for establishing in vitro culturing of these fastidious parasites and new tools for the control of agricultural plant disease.
publisher	Public Library of Science
publishDate	2014
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3916237/
_version_	1612055810861432832

The Streamlined Genome of Phytomonas spp. Relative to Human Pathogenic Kinetoplastids Reveals a Parasite Tailored for Plants

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