Assessing the Human Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Diseases

Recent findings have demonstrated that the gut microbiome complements our human genome with at least 100-fold more genes. In contrast to our Homo sapiens–derived genes, the microbiome is much more plastic, and its composition changes with age and diet, among other factors. An altered gut microbiota...

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Main Authors:	Karlsson, Fredrik, Tremaroli, Valentina, Nielsen, Jens, Bäckhed, Fredrik
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	American Diabetes Association 2013
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3781439/

id	pubmed-3781439
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-37814392014-10-01 Assessing the Human Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Diseases Karlsson, Fredrik Tremaroli, Valentina Nielsen, Jens Bäckhed, Fredrik Methodology Review Recent findings have demonstrated that the gut microbiome complements our human genome with at least 100-fold more genes. In contrast to our Homo sapiens–derived genes, the microbiome is much more plastic, and its composition changes with age and diet, among other factors. An altered gut microbiota has been associated with several diseases, including obesity and diabetes, but the mechanisms involved remain elusive. Here we discuss factors that affect the gut microbiome, how the gut microbiome may contribute to metabolic diseases, and how to study the gut microbiome. Next-generation sequencing and development of software packages have led to the development of large-scale sequencing efforts to catalog the human microbiome. Furthermore, the use of genetically engineered gnotobiotic mouse models may increase our understanding of mechanisms by which the gut microbiome modulates host metabolism. A combination of classical microbiology, sequencing, and animal experiments may provide further insights into how the gut microbiota affect host metabolism and physiology. American Diabetes Association 2013-10 2013-09-17 /pmc/articles/PMC3781439/ /pubmed/24065795 http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db13-0844 Text en © 2013 by the American Diabetes Association. Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ for details.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Karlsson, Fredrik Tremaroli, Valentina Nielsen, Jens Bäckhed, Fredrik
spellingShingle	Karlsson, Fredrik Tremaroli, Valentina Nielsen, Jens Bäckhed, Fredrik Assessing the Human Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Diseases
author_facet	Karlsson, Fredrik Tremaroli, Valentina Nielsen, Jens Bäckhed, Fredrik
author_sort	Karlsson, Fredrik
title	Assessing the Human Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Diseases
title_short	Assessing the Human Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Diseases
title_full	Assessing the Human Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Diseases
title_fullStr	Assessing the Human Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Diseases
title_full_unstemmed	Assessing the Human Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Diseases
title_sort	assessing the human gut microbiota in metabolic diseases
description	Recent findings have demonstrated that the gut microbiome complements our human genome with at least 100-fold more genes. In contrast to our Homo sapiens–derived genes, the microbiome is much more plastic, and its composition changes with age and diet, among other factors. An altered gut microbiota has been associated with several diseases, including obesity and diabetes, but the mechanisms involved remain elusive. Here we discuss factors that affect the gut microbiome, how the gut microbiome may contribute to metabolic diseases, and how to study the gut microbiome. Next-generation sequencing and development of software packages have led to the development of large-scale sequencing efforts to catalog the human microbiome. Furthermore, the use of genetically engineered gnotobiotic mouse models may increase our understanding of mechanisms by which the gut microbiome modulates host metabolism. A combination of classical microbiology, sequencing, and animal experiments may provide further insights into how the gut microbiota affect host metabolism and physiology.
publisher	American Diabetes Association
publishDate	2013
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3781439/
_version_	1612013753479462912

Assessing the Human Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Diseases

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