Is There a Role for HTLV-1-Specific CTL in Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma?
ATLL is an aggressive malignancy of T cells that affects about 5% of individuals infected with HTLV-1. The precise mechanism of oncogenesis is not known, but there is evidence that two regulatory viral proteins, Tax and HBZ, are involved. A high set point proviral load is associated with development...
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| Format: | Online |
| Language: | English |
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Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2012
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| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3504207/ |
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pubmed-3504207 |
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pubmed-35042072012-12-20 Is There a Role for HTLV-1-Specific CTL in Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma? Rowan, Aileen G. Bangham, Charles R. M. Review Article ATLL is an aggressive malignancy of T cells that affects about 5% of individuals infected with HTLV-1. The precise mechanism of oncogenesis is not known, but there is evidence that two regulatory viral proteins, Tax and HBZ, are involved. A high set point proviral load is associated with development of ATLL or a chronic inflammatory condition, HAM/TSP. Several lines of evidence, including HLA class 1 association studies and in vitro killing assays, indicate that cytotoxic T lymphocytes are instrumental in determining this proviral load set point. Prior studies have focused chiefly on the CTL response to the immunodominant Tax protein: efficient lysis of Tax-expressing cells inversely correlates with proviral load in nonmalignant infection. However, a recent study showed that strong binding of peptides from HBZ, but not Tax, to HLA class 1 molecules was associated with a low proviral load and a reduced risk of developing HAM/TSP, indicating an important role for HBZ-specific CTL in determining infection outcome. In comparison with nonmalignant infection, HTLV-1-specific CTLs in ATLL patients are reduced in frequency and functionally deficient. Here we discuss the nature of protective CTL responses in nonmalignant HTLV-1 infection and explore the potential of CTLs to protect against ATLL. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012 2011-11-30 /pmc/articles/PMC3504207/ /pubmed/23259066 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/391953 Text en Copyright © 2012 A. G. Rowan and C. R. M. Bangham. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| repository_type |
Open Access Journal |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
US National Center for Biotechnology Information |
| building |
NCBI PubMed |
| collection |
Online Access |
| language |
English |
| format |
Online |
| author |
Rowan, Aileen G. Bangham, Charles R. M. |
| spellingShingle |
Rowan, Aileen G. Bangham, Charles R. M. Is There a Role for HTLV-1-Specific CTL in Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma? |
| author_facet |
Rowan, Aileen G. Bangham, Charles R. M. |
| author_sort |
Rowan, Aileen G. |
| title |
Is There a Role for HTLV-1-Specific CTL in Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma? |
| title_short |
Is There a Role for HTLV-1-Specific CTL in Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma? |
| title_full |
Is There a Role for HTLV-1-Specific CTL in Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma? |
| title_fullStr |
Is There a Role for HTLV-1-Specific CTL in Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma? |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Is There a Role for HTLV-1-Specific CTL in Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma? |
| title_sort |
is there a role for htlv-1-specific ctl in adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma? |
| description |
ATLL is an aggressive malignancy of T cells that affects about 5% of individuals infected with HTLV-1. The precise mechanism of oncogenesis is not known, but there is evidence that two regulatory viral proteins, Tax and HBZ, are involved. A high set point proviral load is associated with development of ATLL or a chronic inflammatory condition, HAM/TSP. Several lines of evidence, including HLA class 1 association studies and in vitro killing assays, indicate that cytotoxic T lymphocytes are instrumental in determining this proviral load set point. Prior studies have focused chiefly on the CTL response to the immunodominant Tax protein: efficient lysis of Tax-expressing cells inversely correlates with proviral load in nonmalignant infection. However, a recent study showed that strong binding of peptides from HBZ, but not Tax, to HLA class 1 molecules was associated with a low proviral load and a reduced risk of developing HAM/TSP, indicating an important role for HBZ-specific CTL in determining infection outcome. In comparison with nonmalignant infection, HTLV-1-specific CTLs in ATLL patients are reduced in frequency and functionally deficient. Here we discuss the nature of protective CTL responses in nonmalignant HTLV-1 infection and explore the potential of CTLs to protect against ATLL. |
| publisher |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3504207/ |
| _version_ |
1611934597370609664 |