The genetic association between personality and major depression or bipolar disorder. A polygenic score analysis using genome-wide association data

The relationship between major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) remains controversial. Previous research has reported differences and similarities in risk factors for MDD and BD, such as predisposing personality traits. For example, high neuroticism is related to both disorders, w...

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Main Authors:	Middeldorp, C M, de Moor, M H M, McGrath, L M, Gordon, S D, Blackwood, D H, Costa, P T, Terracciano, A, Krueger, R F, de Geus, E J C, Nyholt, D R, Tanaka, T, Esko, T, Madden, P A F, Derringer, J, Amin, N, Willemsen, G, Hottenga, J-J, Distel, M A, Uda, M, Sanna, S, Spinhoven, P, Hartman, C A, Ripke, S, Sullivan, P F, Realo, A, Allik, J, Heath, A C, Pergadia, M L, Agrawal, A, Lin, P, Grucza, R A, Widen, E, Cousminer, D L, Eriksson, J G, Palotie, A, Barnett, J H, Lee, P H, Luciano, M, Tenesa, A, Davies, G, Lopez, L M, Hansell, N K, Medland, S E, Ferrucci, L, Schlessinger, D, Montgomery, G W, Wright, M J, Aulchenko, Y S, Janssens, A C J W, Oostra, B A, Metspalu, A, Abecasis, G R, Deary, I J, Räikkönen, K, Bierut, L J, Martin, N G, Wray, N R, van Duijn, C M, Smoller, J W, Penninx, B W J H, Boomsma, D I
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Nature Publishing Group 2011
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3309491/

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spelling	pubmed-33094912012-04-03 The genetic association between personality and major depression or bipolar disorder. A polygenic score analysis using genome-wide association data Middeldorp, C M de Moor, M H M McGrath, L M Gordon, S D Blackwood, D H Costa, P T Terracciano, A Krueger, R F de Geus, E J C Nyholt, D R Tanaka, T Esko, T Madden, P A F Derringer, J Amin, N Willemsen, G Hottenga, J-J Distel, M A Uda, M Sanna, S Spinhoven, P Hartman, C A Ripke, S Sullivan, P F Realo, A Allik, J Heath, A C Pergadia, M L Agrawal, A Lin, P Grucza, R A Widen, E Cousminer, D L Eriksson, J G Palotie, A Barnett, J H Lee, P H Luciano, M Tenesa, A Davies, G Lopez, L M Hansell, N K Medland, S E Ferrucci, L Schlessinger, D Montgomery, G W Wright, M J Aulchenko, Y S Janssens, A C J W Oostra, B A Metspalu, A Abecasis, G R Deary, I J Räikkönen, K Bierut, L J Martin, N G Wray, N R van Duijn, C M Smoller, J W Penninx, B W J H Boomsma, D I Original Article The relationship between major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) remains controversial. Previous research has reported differences and similarities in risk factors for MDD and BD, such as predisposing personality traits. For example, high neuroticism is related to both disorders, whereas openness to experience is specific for BD. This study examined the genetic association between personality and MDD and BD by applying polygenic scores for neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness to both disorders. Polygenic scores reflect the weighted sum of multiple single-nucleotide polymorphism alleles associated with the trait for an individual and were based on a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for personality traits including 13 835 subjects. Polygenic scores were tested for MDD in the combined Genetic Association Information Network (GAIN-MDD) and MDD2000+ samples (N=8921) and for BD in the combined Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder and Wellcome Trust Case–Control Consortium samples (N=6329) using logistic regression analyses. At the phenotypic level, personality dimensions were associated with MDD and BD. Polygenic neuroticism scores were significantly positively associated with MDD, whereas polygenic extraversion scores were significantly positively associated with BD. The explained variance of MDD and BD, ∼0.1%, was highly comparable to the variance explained by the polygenic personality scores in the corresponding personality traits themselves (between 0.1 and 0.4%). This indicates that the proportions of variance explained in mood disorders are at the upper limit of what could have been expected. This study suggests shared genetic risk factors for neuroticism and MDD on the one hand and for extraversion and BD on the other. Nature Publishing Group 2011-10 2011-10-18 /pmc/articles/PMC3309491/ /pubmed/22833196 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/tp.2011.45 Text en Copyright © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Middeldorp, C M de Moor, M H M McGrath, L M Gordon, S D Blackwood, D H Costa, P T Terracciano, A Krueger, R F de Geus, E J C Nyholt, D R Tanaka, T Esko, T Madden, P A F Derringer, J Amin, N Willemsen, G Hottenga, J-J Distel, M A Uda, M Sanna, S Spinhoven, P Hartman, C A Ripke, S Sullivan, P F Realo, A Allik, J Heath, A C Pergadia, M L Agrawal, A Lin, P Grucza, R A Widen, E Cousminer, D L Eriksson, J G Palotie, A Barnett, J H Lee, P H Luciano, M Tenesa, A Davies, G Lopez, L M Hansell, N K Medland, S E Ferrucci, L Schlessinger, D Montgomery, G W Wright, M J Aulchenko, Y S Janssens, A C J W Oostra, B A Metspalu, A Abecasis, G R Deary, I J Räikkönen, K Bierut, L J Martin, N G Wray, N R van Duijn, C M Smoller, J W Penninx, B W J H Boomsma, D I
spellingShingle	Middeldorp, C M de Moor, M H M McGrath, L M Gordon, S D Blackwood, D H Costa, P T Terracciano, A Krueger, R F de Geus, E J C Nyholt, D R Tanaka, T Esko, T Madden, P A F Derringer, J Amin, N Willemsen, G Hottenga, J-J Distel, M A Uda, M Sanna, S Spinhoven, P Hartman, C A Ripke, S Sullivan, P F Realo, A Allik, J Heath, A C Pergadia, M L Agrawal, A Lin, P Grucza, R A Widen, E Cousminer, D L Eriksson, J G Palotie, A Barnett, J H Lee, P H Luciano, M Tenesa, A Davies, G Lopez, L M Hansell, N K Medland, S E Ferrucci, L Schlessinger, D Montgomery, G W Wright, M J Aulchenko, Y S Janssens, A C J W Oostra, B A Metspalu, A Abecasis, G R Deary, I J Räikkönen, K Bierut, L J Martin, N G Wray, N R van Duijn, C M Smoller, J W Penninx, B W J H Boomsma, D I The genetic association between personality and major depression or bipolar disorder. A polygenic score analysis using genome-wide association data
author_facet	Middeldorp, C M de Moor, M H M McGrath, L M Gordon, S D Blackwood, D H Costa, P T Terracciano, A Krueger, R F de Geus, E J C Nyholt, D R Tanaka, T Esko, T Madden, P A F Derringer, J Amin, N Willemsen, G Hottenga, J-J Distel, M A Uda, M Sanna, S Spinhoven, P Hartman, C A Ripke, S Sullivan, P F Realo, A Allik, J Heath, A C Pergadia, M L Agrawal, A Lin, P Grucza, R A Widen, E Cousminer, D L Eriksson, J G Palotie, A Barnett, J H Lee, P H Luciano, M Tenesa, A Davies, G Lopez, L M Hansell, N K Medland, S E Ferrucci, L Schlessinger, D Montgomery, G W Wright, M J Aulchenko, Y S Janssens, A C J W Oostra, B A Metspalu, A Abecasis, G R Deary, I J Räikkönen, K Bierut, L J Martin, N G Wray, N R van Duijn, C M Smoller, J W Penninx, B W J H Boomsma, D I
author_sort	Middeldorp, C M
title	The genetic association between personality and major depression or bipolar disorder. A polygenic score analysis using genome-wide association data
title_short	The genetic association between personality and major depression or bipolar disorder. A polygenic score analysis using genome-wide association data
title_full	The genetic association between personality and major depression or bipolar disorder. A polygenic score analysis using genome-wide association data
title_fullStr	The genetic association between personality and major depression or bipolar disorder. A polygenic score analysis using genome-wide association data
title_full_unstemmed	The genetic association between personality and major depression or bipolar disorder. A polygenic score analysis using genome-wide association data
title_sort	genetic association between personality and major depression or bipolar disorder. a polygenic score analysis using genome-wide association data
description	The relationship between major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) remains controversial. Previous research has reported differences and similarities in risk factors for MDD and BD, such as predisposing personality traits. For example, high neuroticism is related to both disorders, whereas openness to experience is specific for BD. This study examined the genetic association between personality and MDD and BD by applying polygenic scores for neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness to both disorders. Polygenic scores reflect the weighted sum of multiple single-nucleotide polymorphism alleles associated with the trait for an individual and were based on a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for personality traits including 13 835 subjects. Polygenic scores were tested for MDD in the combined Genetic Association Information Network (GAIN-MDD) and MDD2000+ samples (N=8921) and for BD in the combined Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder and Wellcome Trust Case–Control Consortium samples (N=6329) using logistic regression analyses. At the phenotypic level, personality dimensions were associated with MDD and BD. Polygenic neuroticism scores were significantly positively associated with MDD, whereas polygenic extraversion scores were significantly positively associated with BD. The explained variance of MDD and BD, ∼0.1%, was highly comparable to the variance explained by the polygenic personality scores in the corresponding personality traits themselves (between 0.1 and 0.4%). This indicates that the proportions of variance explained in mood disorders are at the upper limit of what could have been expected. This study suggests shared genetic risk factors for neuroticism and MDD on the one hand and for extraversion and BD on the other.
publisher	Nature Publishing Group
publishDate	2011
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3309491/
_version_	1611515879147700224

The genetic association between personality and major depression or bipolar disorder. A polygenic score analysis using genome-wide association data

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