Antibacterial activity of clays from Malaysian soils against food-borne Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13565
Natural clays have recently been proven to possess antibacterial properties. Effective natural antimicrobial agents are needed to combat bacterial contamination on food contact surfaces, which are increasingly more prevalent in the food chain. This study sought to determine the antibacterial activit...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2021
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95890/ |
| _version_ | 1848862244988780544 |
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| author | Azmi, Nur Naqiyah Mahyudin, Nor Ainy Wan Omar, Wan Hasyera Mahmud Ab Rashid, Nor Khaizura Ishak, Che Fauziah Abdullah, Abdul Halim Sharples, Gary J. |
| author_facet | Azmi, Nur Naqiyah Mahyudin, Nor Ainy Wan Omar, Wan Hasyera Mahmud Ab Rashid, Nor Khaizura Ishak, Che Fauziah Abdullah, Abdul Halim Sharples, Gary J. |
| author_sort | Azmi, Nur Naqiyah |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Natural clays have recently been proven to possess antibacterial properties. Effective natural antimicrobial agents are needed to combat bacterial contamination on food contact surfaces, which are increasingly more prevalent in the food chain. This study sought to determine the antibacterial activity of clays against the food-borne pathogens Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13565. Soils were processed to yield leachates and suspensions from untreated and treated clays. Soil particle size, pH, cation-exchange capacity, metal composition and mineralogy were characterized. Antibacterial screening was performed on six Malaysian soils via the disc diffusion method. In addition, a time-kill assay was conducted on selected antibacterial clays after 6 h of exposure. The screening revealed that Munchong and Carey clays significantly inhibit Salmonella typhimurium (11.00 ± 0.71 mm) and S. aureus (7.63 ± 0.48 mm), respectively. Treated Carey clay leachate and suspension completely kill Salmonella typhimurium, while S. aureus viability is reduced (2 to 3 log10). The untreated Carey and all Munchong clays proved ineffective as antibacterials. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of pyrite and magnetite. Treated Carey clays had a higher soluble metal content compared to Munchong; namely Al (92.63 ± 2.18 mg/L), Fe (65.69 ± 3.09 mg/L) and Mg (88.48 ± 2.29 mg/L). Our results suggest that metal ion toxicity is responsible for the antibacterial activity of these clays. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:13:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-95890 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:13:57Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-958902023-03-24T07:46:48Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95890/ Antibacterial activity of clays from Malaysian soils against food-borne Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13565 Azmi, Nur Naqiyah Mahyudin, Nor Ainy Wan Omar, Wan Hasyera Mahmud Ab Rashid, Nor Khaizura Ishak, Che Fauziah Abdullah, Abdul Halim Sharples, Gary J. Natural clays have recently been proven to possess antibacterial properties. Effective natural antimicrobial agents are needed to combat bacterial contamination on food contact surfaces, which are increasingly more prevalent in the food chain. This study sought to determine the antibacterial activity of clays against the food-borne pathogens Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13565. Soils were processed to yield leachates and suspensions from untreated and treated clays. Soil particle size, pH, cation-exchange capacity, metal composition and mineralogy were characterized. Antibacterial screening was performed on six Malaysian soils via the disc diffusion method. In addition, a time-kill assay was conducted on selected antibacterial clays after 6 h of exposure. The screening revealed that Munchong and Carey clays significantly inhibit Salmonella typhimurium (11.00 ± 0.71 mm) and S. aureus (7.63 ± 0.48 mm), respectively. Treated Carey clay leachate and suspension completely kill Salmonella typhimurium, while S. aureus viability is reduced (2 to 3 log10). The untreated Carey and all Munchong clays proved ineffective as antibacterials. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of pyrite and magnetite. Treated Carey clays had a higher soluble metal content compared to Munchong; namely Al (92.63 ± 2.18 mg/L), Fe (65.69 ± 3.09 mg/L) and Mg (88.48 ± 2.29 mg/L). Our results suggest that metal ion toxicity is responsible for the antibacterial activity of these clays. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2021 Article PeerReviewed Azmi, Nur Naqiyah and Mahyudin, Nor Ainy and Wan Omar, Wan Hasyera and Mahmud Ab Rashid, Nor Khaizura and Ishak, Che Fauziah and Abdullah, Abdul Halim and Sharples, Gary J. (2021) Antibacterial activity of clays from Malaysian soils against food-borne Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13565. Molecules, 27 (1). art. no. 170. pp. 1-15. ISSN 1420-3049 https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/1/170 10.3390/molecules27010170 |
| spellingShingle | Azmi, Nur Naqiyah Mahyudin, Nor Ainy Wan Omar, Wan Hasyera Mahmud Ab Rashid, Nor Khaizura Ishak, Che Fauziah Abdullah, Abdul Halim Sharples, Gary J. Antibacterial activity of clays from Malaysian soils against food-borne Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13565 |
| title | Antibacterial activity of clays from Malaysian soils against food-borne Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13565 |
| title_full | Antibacterial activity of clays from Malaysian soils against food-borne Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13565 |
| title_fullStr | Antibacterial activity of clays from Malaysian soils against food-borne Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13565 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antibacterial activity of clays from Malaysian soils against food-borne Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13565 |
| title_short | Antibacterial activity of clays from Malaysian soils against food-borne Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13565 |
| title_sort | antibacterial activity of clays from malaysian soils against food-borne salmonella typhimurium atcc 14028 and staphylococcus aureus atcc 13565 |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95890/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95890/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95890/ |