Mitigation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters and glycidyl esters in refined palm oil: a new and optimized approach
Refined, bleached and deodorized palm oil (RBDPO) is reported to contain high amount of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) due to high-temperature deodorization step and rich in organochlorines. Therefore, a new palm oil refining process was developed to mitigate...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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Elsevier
2021
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94205/ |
| _version_ | 1848861935271936000 |
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| author | Hew, Khai Shin Khor, Yih Phing Tan, Tai Boon Mat Yusoff, Masni Lai, Oi Ming Asis, Ahmad Jaril Alharthi, Fahad A. Nehdi, Imededdine Arbi Tan, Chin Ping |
| author_facet | Hew, Khai Shin Khor, Yih Phing Tan, Tai Boon Mat Yusoff, Masni Lai, Oi Ming Asis, Ahmad Jaril Alharthi, Fahad A. Nehdi, Imededdine Arbi Tan, Chin Ping |
| author_sort | Hew, Khai Shin |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Refined, bleached and deodorized palm oil (RBDPO) is reported to contain high amount of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) due to high-temperature deodorization step and rich in organochlorines. Therefore, a new palm oil refining process was developed to mitigate this problem. The conventional physical refining process was modified and optimized using response surface methodology with selected processing parameters (water and acid dosages, pre-treatment and deodorization temperatures and deodorization duration). Formation of esters in oil during refining was modelled, and a new refining approach which had been optimized and validated was developed. The new method achieved significant reduction in ester contents (78% reduction for 3-MCPDE, 53% reduction for GE; p < 0.05), with free fatty acid content and color maintained at < 1.0% and < 3.0 R. Similar mitigation effect was confirmed by testing the new refining approach with different grades of crude palm oil. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:09:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-94205 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:09:02Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-942052023-05-18T08:13:49Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94205/ Mitigation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters and glycidyl esters in refined palm oil: a new and optimized approach Hew, Khai Shin Khor, Yih Phing Tan, Tai Boon Mat Yusoff, Masni Lai, Oi Ming Asis, Ahmad Jaril Alharthi, Fahad A. Nehdi, Imededdine Arbi Tan, Chin Ping Refined, bleached and deodorized palm oil (RBDPO) is reported to contain high amount of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) due to high-temperature deodorization step and rich in organochlorines. Therefore, a new palm oil refining process was developed to mitigate this problem. The conventional physical refining process was modified and optimized using response surface methodology with selected processing parameters (water and acid dosages, pre-treatment and deodorization temperatures and deodorization duration). Formation of esters in oil during refining was modelled, and a new refining approach which had been optimized and validated was developed. The new method achieved significant reduction in ester contents (78% reduction for 3-MCPDE, 53% reduction for GE; p < 0.05), with free fatty acid content and color maintained at < 1.0% and < 3.0 R. Similar mitigation effect was confirmed by testing the new refining approach with different grades of crude palm oil. Elsevier 2021-03 Article PeerReviewed Hew, Khai Shin and Khor, Yih Phing and Tan, Tai Boon and Mat Yusoff, Masni and Lai, Oi Ming and Asis, Ahmad Jaril and Alharthi, Fahad A. and Nehdi, Imededdine Arbi and Tan, Chin Ping (2021) Mitigation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters and glycidyl esters in refined palm oil: a new and optimized approach. LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 139. art. no. 110612. pp. 1-9. ISSN 0023-6438 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0023643820316005 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110612 |
| spellingShingle | Hew, Khai Shin Khor, Yih Phing Tan, Tai Boon Mat Yusoff, Masni Lai, Oi Ming Asis, Ahmad Jaril Alharthi, Fahad A. Nehdi, Imededdine Arbi Tan, Chin Ping Mitigation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters and glycidyl esters in refined palm oil: a new and optimized approach |
| title | Mitigation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters and glycidyl esters in refined palm oil: a new and optimized approach |
| title_full | Mitigation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters and glycidyl esters in refined palm oil: a new and optimized approach |
| title_fullStr | Mitigation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters and glycidyl esters in refined palm oil: a new and optimized approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mitigation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters and glycidyl esters in refined palm oil: a new and optimized approach |
| title_short | Mitigation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters and glycidyl esters in refined palm oil: a new and optimized approach |
| title_sort | mitigation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters and glycidyl esters in refined palm oil: a new and optimized approach |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94205/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94205/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94205/ |