Enhancement of characteristics of nitrogen-doped graphene composite materials prepared by ball milling of graphite with melamine: effect of milling speed and material ratios
Nitrogen-doped graphene has been prepared using the ball milling method that is known to be eco-friendly, scalable and economic. The parameters studied in the synthesis were the mass ratio of starting materials (graphite and melamine) and speed of the ball milling. To determine its structure and pro...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Press
2020
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88807/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88807/1/FUEL.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848860699855421440 |
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| author | Mohd Norizan, Nurul Ain Huzaifah Sabli, Nordin Kok, Kuan Ying Saidin, Nur Ubaidah Hilal, Hikmat S. |
| author_facet | Mohd Norizan, Nurul Ain Huzaifah Sabli, Nordin Kok, Kuan Ying Saidin, Nur Ubaidah Hilal, Hikmat S. |
| author_sort | Mohd Norizan, Nurul Ain Huzaifah |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Nitrogen-doped graphene has been prepared using the ball milling method that is known to be eco-friendly, scalable and economic. The parameters studied in the synthesis were the mass ratio of starting materials (graphite and melamine) and speed of the ball milling. To determine its structure and properties, the nitrogen-doped graphene was characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-Ray (FESEM-EDX), RAMAN Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Based on FESEM-EDX analysis, the doped composite exhibited nitrogen content of\ ~3.5%. The nitrogen-doped graphene was examined as a replacement for platinum catalysts in fuel cells. Different composite catalysts were evaluated using a Rotating Disk Electrode (RDE) to test the Oxidation Reduction Reaction (ORR) performance. Based on ORR performance comparison, the composite with highest performance was then used to fabricate a Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA). Testing on MEA performance was conducted on a Fuel Cell Station, where Open Circuit Voltage (VOC) of 0.14 V was obtained. The results indicate that the ball milling method may produce an efficient nitrogen-doped graphene MEA electrode from graphite and melamine only. Compared with a platinum counterpart, the new composite material electrode showed soundly high current-potential characteristics and fuel conversion efficiency. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:49:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-88807 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:49:24Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Press |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-888072021-10-06T03:15:14Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88807/ Enhancement of characteristics of nitrogen-doped graphene composite materials prepared by ball milling of graphite with melamine: effect of milling speed and material ratios Mohd Norizan, Nurul Ain Huzaifah Sabli, Nordin Kok, Kuan Ying Saidin, Nur Ubaidah Hilal, Hikmat S. Nitrogen-doped graphene has been prepared using the ball milling method that is known to be eco-friendly, scalable and economic. The parameters studied in the synthesis were the mass ratio of starting materials (graphite and melamine) and speed of the ball milling. To determine its structure and properties, the nitrogen-doped graphene was characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-Ray (FESEM-EDX), RAMAN Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Based on FESEM-EDX analysis, the doped composite exhibited nitrogen content of\ ~3.5%. The nitrogen-doped graphene was examined as a replacement for platinum catalysts in fuel cells. Different composite catalysts were evaluated using a Rotating Disk Electrode (RDE) to test the Oxidation Reduction Reaction (ORR) performance. Based on ORR performance comparison, the composite with highest performance was then used to fabricate a Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA). Testing on MEA performance was conducted on a Fuel Cell Station, where Open Circuit Voltage (VOC) of 0.14 V was obtained. The results indicate that the ball milling method may produce an efficient nitrogen-doped graphene MEA electrode from graphite and melamine only. Compared with a platinum counterpart, the new composite material electrode showed soundly high current-potential characteristics and fuel conversion efficiency. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Press 2020 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88807/1/FUEL.pdf Mohd Norizan, Nurul Ain Huzaifah and Sabli, Nordin and Kok, Kuan Ying and Saidin, Nur Ubaidah and Hilal, Hikmat S. (2020) Enhancement of characteristics of nitrogen-doped graphene composite materials prepared by ball milling of graphite with melamine: effect of milling speed and material ratios. Sains Malaysiana, 49 (7). 1745 - 1754. ISSN 0126-6039; ESSN: 2735-0118 https://www.ukm.my/jsm/english_journals/vol49num7_2020/vol49num7_2020pg1745-1754.html 10.17576/jsm-2020-4907-24 |
| spellingShingle | Mohd Norizan, Nurul Ain Huzaifah Sabli, Nordin Kok, Kuan Ying Saidin, Nur Ubaidah Hilal, Hikmat S. Enhancement of characteristics of nitrogen-doped graphene composite materials prepared by ball milling of graphite with melamine: effect of milling speed and material ratios |
| title | Enhancement of characteristics of nitrogen-doped graphene composite materials prepared by ball milling of graphite with melamine: effect of milling speed and material ratios |
| title_full | Enhancement of characteristics of nitrogen-doped graphene composite materials prepared by ball milling of graphite with melamine: effect of milling speed and material ratios |
| title_fullStr | Enhancement of characteristics of nitrogen-doped graphene composite materials prepared by ball milling of graphite with melamine: effect of milling speed and material ratios |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhancement of characteristics of nitrogen-doped graphene composite materials prepared by ball milling of graphite with melamine: effect of milling speed and material ratios |
| title_short | Enhancement of characteristics of nitrogen-doped graphene composite materials prepared by ball milling of graphite with melamine: effect of milling speed and material ratios |
| title_sort | enhancement of characteristics of nitrogen-doped graphene composite materials prepared by ball milling of graphite with melamine: effect of milling speed and material ratios |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88807/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88807/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88807/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/88807/1/FUEL.pdf |