Metabolite profiles of red and yellow watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cultivars by 1H-NMR metabolomics approach
Watermelon, a widely commercialized fruit, is famous for its thirst-quenching property. The broad range of cultivars, which give rise to distinct color and taste, can be attributed to the differences in their chemical profile, especially that of the carotenoids and volatile compounds. In order to un...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2020
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86729/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86729/1/Metabolite%20profiles%20of%20red%20and%20yellow%20watermelon.pdf |
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| author | Sulaiman, Fadzil Ahmad Azam, Amalina Ahamad Bustamam, Muhammad Safwan Fakurazi, Sharida Abas, Faridah Yee, Xuan Lee Ismail, Atira Adriana Mohd Faudzi, Siti Munirah Ismail, Intan Safinar |
| author_facet | Sulaiman, Fadzil Ahmad Azam, Amalina Ahamad Bustamam, Muhammad Safwan Fakurazi, Sharida Abas, Faridah Yee, Xuan Lee Ismail, Atira Adriana Mohd Faudzi, Siti Munirah Ismail, Intan Safinar |
| author_sort | Sulaiman, Fadzil |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Watermelon, a widely commercialized fruit, is famous for its thirst-quenching property. The broad range of cultivars, which give rise to distinct color and taste, can be attributed to the differences in their chemical profile, especially that of the carotenoids and volatile compounds. In order to understand this distribution properly, water extracts of red and yellow watermelon pulps with predominantly polar metabolites were subjected to proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) analysis. Deuterium oxide (D2O) and deuterated chloroform (CDCl3) solvents were used to capture both polar and non-polar metabolites from the same sample. Thirty-six metabolites, of which six are carotenoids, were identified from the extracts. The clustering of the compounds was determined using unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) and further grouping was achieved using supervised orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The presence of lycopene, β-carotene, lutein, and prolycopene in the red watermelon plays an important role in its differentiation from the yellow cultivar. A marked difference in metabolite distribution was observed between the NMR solvents used as evidenced from the PCA model. OPLS-DA and relative quantification of the metabolites, on the other hand, helped in uncovering the discriminating metabolites of the red and yellow watermelon cultivars from the same solvent system. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:42:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-86729 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:42:38Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-867292021-11-10T07:50:45Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86729/ Metabolite profiles of red and yellow watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cultivars by 1H-NMR metabolomics approach Sulaiman, Fadzil Ahmad Azam, Amalina Ahamad Bustamam, Muhammad Safwan Fakurazi, Sharida Abas, Faridah Yee, Xuan Lee Ismail, Atira Adriana Mohd Faudzi, Siti Munirah Ismail, Intan Safinar Watermelon, a widely commercialized fruit, is famous for its thirst-quenching property. The broad range of cultivars, which give rise to distinct color and taste, can be attributed to the differences in their chemical profile, especially that of the carotenoids and volatile compounds. In order to understand this distribution properly, water extracts of red and yellow watermelon pulps with predominantly polar metabolites were subjected to proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) analysis. Deuterium oxide (D2O) and deuterated chloroform (CDCl3) solvents were used to capture both polar and non-polar metabolites from the same sample. Thirty-six metabolites, of which six are carotenoids, were identified from the extracts. The clustering of the compounds was determined using unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) and further grouping was achieved using supervised orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The presence of lycopene, β-carotene, lutein, and prolycopene in the red watermelon plays an important role in its differentiation from the yellow cultivar. A marked difference in metabolite distribution was observed between the NMR solvents used as evidenced from the PCA model. OPLS-DA and relative quantification of the metabolites, on the other hand, helped in uncovering the discriminating metabolites of the red and yellow watermelon cultivars from the same solvent system. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2020-07-15 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86729/1/Metabolite%20profiles%20of%20red%20and%20yellow%20watermelon.pdf Sulaiman, Fadzil and Ahmad Azam, Amalina and Ahamad Bustamam, Muhammad Safwan and Fakurazi, Sharida and Abas, Faridah and Yee, Xuan Lee and Ismail, Atira Adriana and Mohd Faudzi, Siti Munirah and Ismail, Intan Safinar (2020) Metabolite profiles of red and yellow watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cultivars by 1H-NMR metabolomics approach. Molecules, 25 (14). pp. 1-13. ISSN 1420-3049 https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/14/3235 10.3390/molecules25143235 |
| spellingShingle | Sulaiman, Fadzil Ahmad Azam, Amalina Ahamad Bustamam, Muhammad Safwan Fakurazi, Sharida Abas, Faridah Yee, Xuan Lee Ismail, Atira Adriana Mohd Faudzi, Siti Munirah Ismail, Intan Safinar Metabolite profiles of red and yellow watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cultivars by 1H-NMR metabolomics approach |
| title | Metabolite profiles of red and yellow watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cultivars by 1H-NMR metabolomics approach |
| title_full | Metabolite profiles of red and yellow watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cultivars by 1H-NMR metabolomics approach |
| title_fullStr | Metabolite profiles of red and yellow watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cultivars by 1H-NMR metabolomics approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolite profiles of red and yellow watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cultivars by 1H-NMR metabolomics approach |
| title_short | Metabolite profiles of red and yellow watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cultivars by 1H-NMR metabolomics approach |
| title_sort | metabolite profiles of red and yellow watermelon (citrullus lanatus) cultivars by 1h-nmr metabolomics approach |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86729/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86729/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86729/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/86729/1/Metabolite%20profiles%20of%20red%20and%20yellow%20watermelon.pdf |