Water demand management: a review on the mechanisms to reduce water demand and consumption
Securing water supplies in urban areas is a major challenge for policy makers, both now and into the future. In mitigating threats of a water shortage, a number of initiatives and programs have been implemented, which includes water demand management (WDM). A number of studies have analyzed the usag...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
International Association of Engineering and Management Education (IAEME)
2017
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/63701/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/63701/1/Water%20demand%20management.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848854849955823616 |
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| author | Ales @ Alias, Aidi Hizami Boyle, C.A Hassim, Salihudin |
| author_facet | Ales @ Alias, Aidi Hizami Boyle, C.A Hassim, Salihudin |
| author_sort | Ales @ Alias, Aidi Hizami |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Securing water supplies in urban areas is a major challenge for policy makers, both now and into the future. In mitigating threats of a water shortage, a number of initiatives and programs have been implemented, which includes water demand management (WDM). A number of studies have analyzed the usage of various mechanisms to manage water demand. In this paper, we review the implementation and the effectiveness of the mechanisms of price, technology, communication /education and restriction in reducing domestic water demand. Based on the review, we have found that the effectiveness of the mechanisms varies from one mechanism to another, where rainwater harvesting system was found to yield the greatest water demand reduction, while communication/education yields the lowest. Despite the different approach, most of the cities reviewed used integrated implementation of the mechanisms to reduce water demand, which shows that the mechanisms need to be combined in order to maximise water demand reduction. However, currently there are still very limited studies conducted on the effective implementation of integrated mechanisms. Thus, more work is needed in order to strategize the usage of these mechanisms in maximising water demand reduction. It is expected that this study can assist water authorities in designing and conducting an effective WDM program in order to maximise water demand reduction. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T11:16:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-63701 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T11:16:25Z |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publisher | International Association of Engineering and Management Education (IAEME) |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-637012019-10-10T04:02:08Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/63701/ Water demand management: a review on the mechanisms to reduce water demand and consumption Ales @ Alias, Aidi Hizami Boyle, C.A Hassim, Salihudin Securing water supplies in urban areas is a major challenge for policy makers, both now and into the future. In mitigating threats of a water shortage, a number of initiatives and programs have been implemented, which includes water demand management (WDM). A number of studies have analyzed the usage of various mechanisms to manage water demand. In this paper, we review the implementation and the effectiveness of the mechanisms of price, technology, communication /education and restriction in reducing domestic water demand. Based on the review, we have found that the effectiveness of the mechanisms varies from one mechanism to another, where rainwater harvesting system was found to yield the greatest water demand reduction, while communication/education yields the lowest. Despite the different approach, most of the cities reviewed used integrated implementation of the mechanisms to reduce water demand, which shows that the mechanisms need to be combined in order to maximise water demand reduction. However, currently there are still very limited studies conducted on the effective implementation of integrated mechanisms. Thus, more work is needed in order to strategize the usage of these mechanisms in maximising water demand reduction. It is expected that this study can assist water authorities in designing and conducting an effective WDM program in order to maximise water demand reduction. International Association of Engineering and Management Education (IAEME) 2017-03 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/63701/1/Water%20demand%20management.pdf Ales @ Alias, Aidi Hizami and Boyle, C.A and Hassim, Salihudin (2017) Water demand management: a review on the mechanisms to reduce water demand and consumption. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), 8 (3). art. no. IJCIET_08_03_054. 554 - 564. ISSN 0976-6308; ESSN: 0976-6316 https://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/IJCIET_Paper.asp?sno=7142 |
| spellingShingle | Ales @ Alias, Aidi Hizami Boyle, C.A Hassim, Salihudin Water demand management: a review on the mechanisms to reduce water demand and consumption |
| title | Water demand management: a review on the mechanisms to reduce water demand and consumption |
| title_full | Water demand management: a review on the mechanisms to reduce water demand and consumption |
| title_fullStr | Water demand management: a review on the mechanisms to reduce water demand and consumption |
| title_full_unstemmed | Water demand management: a review on the mechanisms to reduce water demand and consumption |
| title_short | Water demand management: a review on the mechanisms to reduce water demand and consumption |
| title_sort | water demand management: a review on the mechanisms to reduce water demand and consumption |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/63701/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/63701/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/63701/1/Water%20demand%20management.pdf |