Alumina supported/unsupported mixed oxides of Ca and Mg as heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification of Nannochloropsis sp. microalga's oil
In this study, calcium magnesium (CaMgO) and alumina (Al2O3) supported CaMgO mixed oxide catalysts were prepared via pH-controlled co-precipitation (Na2CO3 and NaOH as a precipitant) for transesterification of crude Nannochloropsis oculata (N. oculata) oil with methanol. The catalysts were character...
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Elsevier
2014
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/36372/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/36372/1/Alumina%20supportedunsupported%20mixed%20oxides%20of%20Ca%20and%20Mg%20as%20heterogeneous%20catalysts%20for%20transesterification%20of%20Nannochloropsis%20sp%20microalga%E2%80%99s%20oil.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848848313855508480 |
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| author | Teo, Siow Hwa Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin Ng, F. L. |
| author_facet | Teo, Siow Hwa Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin Ng, F. L. |
| author_sort | Teo, Siow Hwa |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | In this study, calcium magnesium (CaMgO) and alumina (Al2O3) supported CaMgO mixed oxide catalysts were prepared via pH-controlled co-precipitation (Na2CO3 and NaOH as a precipitant) for transesterification of crude Nannochloropsis oculata (N. oculata) oil with methanol. The catalysts were characterized by means of Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR), Temperature programmed desorption of CO2 (CO2-TPD), Inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometer (ICP–AES) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. At optimization condition, CaMgO mixed oxide catalyst showed 75.2% of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield with catalyst loading of 20 wt.% at 3 h. Meanwhile, the supported CaMgO mixed oxide catalyst gave a higher FAME yield of 85.3% with catalyst loading of 10 wt.% at same conditions. Besides, the reusability study of catalyst was performed to investigate the stability and durability of supported/unsupported catalysts. The high content of Ca2+ and Mg2+ precipitated on Al2O3 supported CaMgO mixed oxide catalyst tend to increase the total basicity and provide more active sites for transesterification reaction. Moreover, better moisture resistant on the Al2O3 supported CaMgO mixed oxide catalyst compared with CaMgO mixed oxide catalyst, which is favourable for transesterification reaction on high water content microalgae oil. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T09:32:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-36372 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T09:32:31Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-363722016-11-25T09:17:54Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/36372/ Alumina supported/unsupported mixed oxides of Ca and Mg as heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification of Nannochloropsis sp. microalga's oil Teo, Siow Hwa Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin Ng, F. L. In this study, calcium magnesium (CaMgO) and alumina (Al2O3) supported CaMgO mixed oxide catalysts were prepared via pH-controlled co-precipitation (Na2CO3 and NaOH as a precipitant) for transesterification of crude Nannochloropsis oculata (N. oculata) oil with methanol. The catalysts were characterized by means of Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR), Temperature programmed desorption of CO2 (CO2-TPD), Inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometer (ICP–AES) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. At optimization condition, CaMgO mixed oxide catalyst showed 75.2% of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield with catalyst loading of 20 wt.% at 3 h. Meanwhile, the supported CaMgO mixed oxide catalyst gave a higher FAME yield of 85.3% with catalyst loading of 10 wt.% at same conditions. Besides, the reusability study of catalyst was performed to investigate the stability and durability of supported/unsupported catalysts. The high content of Ca2+ and Mg2+ precipitated on Al2O3 supported CaMgO mixed oxide catalyst tend to increase the total basicity and provide more active sites for transesterification reaction. Moreover, better moisture resistant on the Al2O3 supported CaMgO mixed oxide catalyst compared with CaMgO mixed oxide catalyst, which is favourable for transesterification reaction on high water content microalgae oil. Elsevier 2014-12 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/36372/1/Alumina%20supportedunsupported%20mixed%20oxides%20of%20Ca%20and%20Mg%20as%20heterogeneous%20catalysts%20for%20transesterification%20of%20Nannochloropsis%20sp%20microalga%E2%80%99s%20oil.pdf Teo, Siow Hwa and Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin and Ng, F. L. (2014) Alumina supported/unsupported mixed oxides of Ca and Mg as heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification of Nannochloropsis sp. microalga's oil. Energy Conversion and Management, 88. pp. 1193-1199. ISSN 0196-8904; ESSN: 1879-2227 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.04.049 |
| spellingShingle | Teo, Siow Hwa Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin Ng, F. L. Alumina supported/unsupported mixed oxides of Ca and Mg as heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification of Nannochloropsis sp. microalga's oil |
| title | Alumina supported/unsupported mixed oxides of Ca and Mg as heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification of Nannochloropsis sp. microalga's oil |
| title_full | Alumina supported/unsupported mixed oxides of Ca and Mg as heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification of Nannochloropsis sp. microalga's oil |
| title_fullStr | Alumina supported/unsupported mixed oxides of Ca and Mg as heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification of Nannochloropsis sp. microalga's oil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Alumina supported/unsupported mixed oxides of Ca and Mg as heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification of Nannochloropsis sp. microalga's oil |
| title_short | Alumina supported/unsupported mixed oxides of Ca and Mg as heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification of Nannochloropsis sp. microalga's oil |
| title_sort | alumina supported/unsupported mixed oxides of ca and mg as heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification of nannochloropsis sp. microalga's oil |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/36372/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/36372/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/36372/1/Alumina%20supportedunsupported%20mixed%20oxides%20of%20Ca%20and%20Mg%20as%20heterogeneous%20catalysts%20for%20transesterification%20of%20Nannochloropsis%20sp%20microalga%E2%80%99s%20oil.pdf |