Polyacrylonitrile grafted cassava starch and its chemical modification with hydroxylamine hydrochloride
The graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) onto cassava starch (CS) with sodium bisulphite and potassium persulphate (KPS) as initiators was prepared. AN was grafted with gelatinized cassava at 70°C via redox method. The monomer ratios and reaction temperature were varied to obtain the maximum...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Institut Kimia Malaysia
2015
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/34951/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/34951/1/Polyacrylonitrile%20grafted%20cassava%20starch%20and%20its%20chemical%20modification%20with%20hydroxylamine%20hydrochloride.pdf |
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| author | Yusuf, Ja'afar Md Jamil, Siti Nurul Ain Abdul, H. A. M., Nourouzi Jamoh, B. Y. K., Mastura |
| author_facet | Yusuf, Ja'afar Md Jamil, Siti Nurul Ain Abdul, H. A. M., Nourouzi Jamoh, B. Y. K., Mastura |
| author_sort | Yusuf, Ja'afar |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) onto cassava starch (CS) with sodium bisulphite and potassium persulphate (KPS) as initiators was prepared. AN was grafted with gelatinized cassava at 70°C via redox method. The monomer ratios and reaction temperature were varied to obtain the maximum grafting efficiency and high grafted yield. The maximum grafting efficiency (91%) and grafted yield (93%) were attained at 50°C with ratio AN:CS 3:1 in 3 h. Poly(AN-grafted (g)-CS) was then modified with hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH2OH.HCl) to convert the nitrile group into absorbing characteristic properties. The poly(AN-g-CS) and amidoxime-modified poly(AN-g-CS) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Brauner-Emmet-Teller. The IR spectra proved that the grafting of AN onto CS was successful and the poly(AN-g-CS) was successfully modified with NH2OH.HCl. It was shown that the specific surface area, pore volume and average pore diameter of CS were increased from 54.75 m2.g–1, 245.39 m2.g–1,0.336cm3.g–1 to 0.843 cm3.g–1 and 3.95 nm to 13.02 nm, respectively. TGA analysis proved that poly(AN-g-CS) and amidoxime-modified poly(AN-g-CS) are thermally more stable compared to CS. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T09:26:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-34951 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T09:26:13Z |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publisher | Institut Kimia Malaysia |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-349512016-10-11T02:17:03Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/34951/ Polyacrylonitrile grafted cassava starch and its chemical modification with hydroxylamine hydrochloride Yusuf, Ja'afar Md Jamil, Siti Nurul Ain Abdul, H. A. M., Nourouzi Jamoh, B. Y. K., Mastura The graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) onto cassava starch (CS) with sodium bisulphite and potassium persulphate (KPS) as initiators was prepared. AN was grafted with gelatinized cassava at 70°C via redox method. The monomer ratios and reaction temperature were varied to obtain the maximum grafting efficiency and high grafted yield. The maximum grafting efficiency (91%) and grafted yield (93%) were attained at 50°C with ratio AN:CS 3:1 in 3 h. Poly(AN-grafted (g)-CS) was then modified with hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH2OH.HCl) to convert the nitrile group into absorbing characteristic properties. The poly(AN-g-CS) and amidoxime-modified poly(AN-g-CS) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Brauner-Emmet-Teller. The IR spectra proved that the grafting of AN onto CS was successful and the poly(AN-g-CS) was successfully modified with NH2OH.HCl. It was shown that the specific surface area, pore volume and average pore diameter of CS were increased from 54.75 m2.g–1, 245.39 m2.g–1,0.336cm3.g–1 to 0.843 cm3.g–1 and 3.95 nm to 13.02 nm, respectively. TGA analysis proved that poly(AN-g-CS) and amidoxime-modified poly(AN-g-CS) are thermally more stable compared to CS. Institut Kimia Malaysia 2015 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/34951/1/Polyacrylonitrile%20grafted%20cassava%20starch%20and%20its%20chemical%20modification%20with%20hydroxylamine%20hydrochloride.pdf Yusuf, Ja'afar and Md Jamil, Siti Nurul Ain and Abdul, H. A. and M., Nourouzi and Jamoh, B. Y. and K., Mastura (2015) Polyacrylonitrile grafted cassava starch and its chemical modification with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. Malaysian Journal of Chemistry, 17 (2). pp. 1-10. ISSN 1511-2292 http://www.ikm.org.my/index.php/2012-08-30-13-21-19/malaysian-journal-of-chemistry/malaysian-journal-of-chemistry-vol-17-2-2015/polyacrylonitrile-grafted-cassava-starch-and-its-chemical-modification-with-hydroxylamine-hydrochloride |
| spellingShingle | Yusuf, Ja'afar Md Jamil, Siti Nurul Ain Abdul, H. A. M., Nourouzi Jamoh, B. Y. K., Mastura Polyacrylonitrile grafted cassava starch and its chemical modification with hydroxylamine hydrochloride |
| title | Polyacrylonitrile grafted cassava starch and its chemical modification with hydroxylamine hydrochloride |
| title_full | Polyacrylonitrile grafted cassava starch and its chemical modification with hydroxylamine hydrochloride |
| title_fullStr | Polyacrylonitrile grafted cassava starch and its chemical modification with hydroxylamine hydrochloride |
| title_full_unstemmed | Polyacrylonitrile grafted cassava starch and its chemical modification with hydroxylamine hydrochloride |
| title_short | Polyacrylonitrile grafted cassava starch and its chemical modification with hydroxylamine hydrochloride |
| title_sort | polyacrylonitrile grafted cassava starch and its chemical modification with hydroxylamine hydrochloride |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/34951/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/34951/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/34951/1/Polyacrylonitrile%20grafted%20cassava%20starch%20and%20its%20chemical%20modification%20with%20hydroxylamine%20hydrochloride.pdf |