Nitrate levels in well water and population health risk of Kota Bharu and Bachok, Kelantan in different planting phases
Background: Many researchers found exposure to nitrate increases the risk of getting cancer. Uncontrolled application of fertilizers on crops can cause excess nitrate to leach into groundwater. Objective: This study was conducted to determine nitrate levels in well water in paddy farming areas durin...
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| Format: | Article |
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American-Eurasian Network for Scientific Information
2014
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/34653/ |
| _version_ | 1848847833767084032 |
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| author | Ahmad Roslan, Amirah Mohamad Sham, Shaharuddin Syed Ismail, Sharifah Norkhadijah |
| author_facet | Ahmad Roslan, Amirah Mohamad Sham, Shaharuddin Syed Ismail, Sharifah Norkhadijah |
| author_sort | Ahmad Roslan, Amirah |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Background: Many researchers found exposure to nitrate increases the risk of getting cancer. Uncontrolled application of fertilizers on crops can cause excess nitrate to leach into groundwater. Objective: This study was conducted to determine nitrate levels in well water in paddy farming areas during three planting phases. The study also determined the health risk associated among population who worked and lived in the study area. Results: The mean±standard deviation of nitrate levels in Kota Bharu and Bachok was 2.69±2.43 mg/l and 4.02 ± 3.85 mg/l respectively, which was below the national standard (10 mg/l). In general, the highest nitrate concentration was found during planting season with the mean ± SD of 4.63±4.84 mg/l as compared to pre-planting (2.84±2.26 mg/l) and harvesting phase (2.51±2.90 mg/l). The highest nitrate concentration was found in Bachok during the planting season with the mean ± SD of 6.58±5.89 mg/l. The hazard index for the study population was less than 1 and ranged between 0.00 and 0.29. Conclusion: In conclusion, the levels of nitrate in well water in Kota Bharu and Bachok is acceptable and the population has minimal health risk. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T09:24:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-34653 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T09:24:53Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | American-Eurasian Network for Scientific Information |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-346532015-12-17T08:24:37Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/34653/ Nitrate levels in well water and population health risk of Kota Bharu and Bachok, Kelantan in different planting phases Ahmad Roslan, Amirah Mohamad Sham, Shaharuddin Syed Ismail, Sharifah Norkhadijah Background: Many researchers found exposure to nitrate increases the risk of getting cancer. Uncontrolled application of fertilizers on crops can cause excess nitrate to leach into groundwater. Objective: This study was conducted to determine nitrate levels in well water in paddy farming areas during three planting phases. The study also determined the health risk associated among population who worked and lived in the study area. Results: The mean±standard deviation of nitrate levels in Kota Bharu and Bachok was 2.69±2.43 mg/l and 4.02 ± 3.85 mg/l respectively, which was below the national standard (10 mg/l). In general, the highest nitrate concentration was found during planting season with the mean ± SD of 4.63±4.84 mg/l as compared to pre-planting (2.84±2.26 mg/l) and harvesting phase (2.51±2.90 mg/l). The highest nitrate concentration was found in Bachok during the planting season with the mean ± SD of 6.58±5.89 mg/l. The hazard index for the study population was less than 1 and ranged between 0.00 and 0.29. Conclusion: In conclusion, the levels of nitrate in well water in Kota Bharu and Bachok is acceptable and the population has minimal health risk. American-Eurasian Network for Scientific Information 2014 Article PeerReviewed Ahmad Roslan, Amirah and Mohamad Sham, Shaharuddin and Syed Ismail, Sharifah Norkhadijah (2014) Nitrate levels in well water and population health risk of Kota Bharu and Bachok, Kelantan in different planting phases. Advances in Environmental Biology, 8 (15). pp. 7-12. ISSN 1995-0756; ESSN: 1998-1066 http://www.aensiweb.com/old/aeb_Special8-ICEOH_2014.html |
| spellingShingle | Ahmad Roslan, Amirah Mohamad Sham, Shaharuddin Syed Ismail, Sharifah Norkhadijah Nitrate levels in well water and population health risk of Kota Bharu and Bachok, Kelantan in different planting phases |
| title | Nitrate levels in well water and population health risk of Kota Bharu and Bachok, Kelantan in different planting phases |
| title_full | Nitrate levels in well water and population health risk of Kota Bharu and Bachok, Kelantan in different planting phases |
| title_fullStr | Nitrate levels in well water and population health risk of Kota Bharu and Bachok, Kelantan in different planting phases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nitrate levels in well water and population health risk of Kota Bharu and Bachok, Kelantan in different planting phases |
| title_short | Nitrate levels in well water and population health risk of Kota Bharu and Bachok, Kelantan in different planting phases |
| title_sort | nitrate levels in well water and population health risk of kota bharu and bachok, kelantan in different planting phases |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/34653/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/34653/ |