Modeling monkeypox transmission with a compartmental framework to evaluate testing, isolation and public awareness strategies

Monkeypox (mpox), a viral infectious disease affecting both humans and non-human primates, has posed significant public health challenges, particularly in light of recent global outbreaks. This study develops a deterministic mathematical model to analyze the transmission dynamics of mpox, with a foc...

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Main Authors: Onifade, Akindele Akano, Akindele, Oluwaseun Adenike, Ahmad, Irfan, Khan, Muhammad Altaf, Mat Isa, Nurulfiza, Alzahrani, Ebraheem
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Research 2025
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120369/
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120369/1/120369.pdf
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author Onifade, Akindele Akano
Akindele, Oluwaseun Adenike
Ahmad, Irfan
Khan, Muhammad Altaf
Mat Isa, Nurulfiza
Alzahrani, Ebraheem
author_facet Onifade, Akindele Akano
Akindele, Oluwaseun Adenike
Ahmad, Irfan
Khan, Muhammad Altaf
Mat Isa, Nurulfiza
Alzahrani, Ebraheem
author_sort Onifade, Akindele Akano
building UPM Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
description Monkeypox (mpox), a viral infectious disease affecting both humans and non-human primates, has posed significant public health challenges, particularly in light of recent global outbreaks. This study develops a deterministic mathematical model to analyze the transmission dynamics of mpox, with a focus on the effects of self-isolation, testing, and public awareness in mitigating the spread of the virus. The model is calibrated using incidence data from the United States and employs a nonlinear least squares fitting method to reflect the observed epidemic trends accurately. The analysis identifies key parameters influencing the spread of mpox, including the transmission probabilities between human to human and mammal to human, as well as the effectiveness of public awareness campaigns. Stability analysis of the model reveals that the mpox-free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable (LAS) when the basic reproduction number is less than 1, indicating disease elimination. Conversely, when, the presence of a stable endemic equilibrium suggests the potential for sustained transmission if control measures are not adequately implemented. Sensitivity analysis reveals that factors like transmission rates, public awareness levels, and isolation rates significantly impact the disease’s spread, providing insights into which interventions may be most effective. Numerical simulations demonstrate the potential of targeted strategies, showing that even partial adherence to isolation and public awareness strategies can significantly reduce new infections. A comprehensive approach combining effective isolation, expanded testing, and targeted awareness campaigns is crucial in managing mpox outbreaks. This approach provides valuable guidance for public health strategies, supporting the design of interventions that can prevent the spread of mpox and ensure better preparedness for future outbreaks.
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spelling upm-1203692025-10-01T02:09:19Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120369/ Modeling monkeypox transmission with a compartmental framework to evaluate testing, isolation and public awareness strategies Onifade, Akindele Akano Akindele, Oluwaseun Adenike Ahmad, Irfan Khan, Muhammad Altaf Mat Isa, Nurulfiza Alzahrani, Ebraheem Monkeypox (mpox), a viral infectious disease affecting both humans and non-human primates, has posed significant public health challenges, particularly in light of recent global outbreaks. This study develops a deterministic mathematical model to analyze the transmission dynamics of mpox, with a focus on the effects of self-isolation, testing, and public awareness in mitigating the spread of the virus. The model is calibrated using incidence data from the United States and employs a nonlinear least squares fitting method to reflect the observed epidemic trends accurately. The analysis identifies key parameters influencing the spread of mpox, including the transmission probabilities between human to human and mammal to human, as well as the effectiveness of public awareness campaigns. Stability analysis of the model reveals that the mpox-free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable (LAS) when the basic reproduction number is less than 1, indicating disease elimination. Conversely, when, the presence of a stable endemic equilibrium suggests the potential for sustained transmission if control measures are not adequately implemented. Sensitivity analysis reveals that factors like transmission rates, public awareness levels, and isolation rates significantly impact the disease’s spread, providing insights into which interventions may be most effective. Numerical simulations demonstrate the potential of targeted strategies, showing that even partial adherence to isolation and public awareness strategies can significantly reduce new infections. A comprehensive approach combining effective isolation, expanded testing, and targeted awareness campaigns is crucial in managing mpox outbreaks. This approach provides valuable guidance for public health strategies, supporting the design of interventions that can prevent the spread of mpox and ensure better preparedness for future outbreaks. Nature Research 2025 Article PeerReviewed text en cc_by_nc_nd_4 http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120369/1/120369.pdf Onifade, Akindele Akano and Akindele, Oluwaseun Adenike and Ahmad, Irfan and Khan, Muhammad Altaf and Mat Isa, Nurulfiza and Alzahrani, Ebraheem (2025) Modeling monkeypox transmission with a compartmental framework to evaluate testing, isolation and public awareness strategies. Scientific Reports, 15 (1). art. no. 27236. pp. 1-20. ISSN 2045-2322 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-10852-y?error=cookies_not_supported&code=d6ef455f-2645-44b1-b472-a79ac21a1b6c 10.1038/s41598-025-10852-y
spellingShingle Onifade, Akindele Akano
Akindele, Oluwaseun Adenike
Ahmad, Irfan
Khan, Muhammad Altaf
Mat Isa, Nurulfiza
Alzahrani, Ebraheem
Modeling monkeypox transmission with a compartmental framework to evaluate testing, isolation and public awareness strategies
title Modeling monkeypox transmission with a compartmental framework to evaluate testing, isolation and public awareness strategies
title_full Modeling monkeypox transmission with a compartmental framework to evaluate testing, isolation and public awareness strategies
title_fullStr Modeling monkeypox transmission with a compartmental framework to evaluate testing, isolation and public awareness strategies
title_full_unstemmed Modeling monkeypox transmission with a compartmental framework to evaluate testing, isolation and public awareness strategies
title_short Modeling monkeypox transmission with a compartmental framework to evaluate testing, isolation and public awareness strategies
title_sort modeling monkeypox transmission with a compartmental framework to evaluate testing, isolation and public awareness strategies
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120369/
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120369/
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120369/
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120369/1/120369.pdf