Aflatoxin M1 levels in urine and breast milk of lactating mothers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Aflatoxins are carcinogens that can contaminate food and affect various body organs especially liver and kidney. When consumed, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is partially metabolised into aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), which is excreted in the urine.Breast milk may also contain AFM1 due to maternal dietary intake from...
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| Format: | Article |
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Informa UK Limited
2024
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118891/ |
| _version_ | 1848867815401979904 |
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| author | Aminuddin, Alyaa Izzati Jamaluddin, Rosita Sabran, Mohd Redzwan Mohd Shukri, Nurul Husna |
| author_facet | Aminuddin, Alyaa Izzati Jamaluddin, Rosita Sabran, Mohd Redzwan Mohd Shukri, Nurul Husna |
| author_sort | Aminuddin, Alyaa Izzati |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Aflatoxins are carcinogens that can contaminate food and affect various body organs especially liver and kidney. When consumed, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is partially metabolised into aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), which is excreted in the urine.Breast milk may also contain AFM1 due to maternal dietary intake from contaminated food. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the levels of AFM1 in both urine and breast milk among breastfeeding mothers (n = 256). The mother’s demographic information was collected during recruitment. Mothers were then scheduled for an appointment to provide a morning urine sample along with five to ten mL samples of breast milk. AFM1 levels in both samples were analysed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Spearman’s rho and Chi-square were used to determine the associations between mean levels of AFM1 in urine and breast milk. Findings show 68.0% of urine samples were contaminated with AFM1 (mean levels = 0.08 ± 0.04 ng/mL), while 14.8% of breast milk samples had AFM1 (mean levels = 5.94 ± 1.81 ng/kg). Urine AFM1 levels were not significantly associated with AFM1 levels in breast milk (p > 0.05). This study can act as a baseline for future research examining long-term aflatoxin exposure among both mothers and infants. © 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:42:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-118891 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:42:29Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Informa UK Limited |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1188912025-07-29T03:18:43Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118891/ Aflatoxin M1 levels in urine and breast milk of lactating mothers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Aminuddin, Alyaa Izzati Jamaluddin, Rosita Sabran, Mohd Redzwan Mohd Shukri, Nurul Husna Aflatoxins are carcinogens that can contaminate food and affect various body organs especially liver and kidney. When consumed, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is partially metabolised into aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), which is excreted in the urine.Breast milk may also contain AFM1 due to maternal dietary intake from contaminated food. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the levels of AFM1 in both urine and breast milk among breastfeeding mothers (n = 256). The mother’s demographic information was collected during recruitment. Mothers were then scheduled for an appointment to provide a morning urine sample along with five to ten mL samples of breast milk. AFM1 levels in both samples were analysed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Spearman’s rho and Chi-square were used to determine the associations between mean levels of AFM1 in urine and breast milk. Findings show 68.0% of urine samples were contaminated with AFM1 (mean levels = 0.08 ± 0.04 ng/mL), while 14.8% of breast milk samples had AFM1 (mean levels = 5.94 ± 1.81 ng/kg). Urine AFM1 levels were not significantly associated with AFM1 levels in breast milk (p > 0.05). This study can act as a baseline for future research examining long-term aflatoxin exposure among both mothers and infants. © 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Informa UK Limited 2024 Article PeerReviewed Aminuddin, Alyaa Izzati and Jamaluddin, Rosita and Sabran, Mohd Redzwan and Mohd Shukri, Nurul Husna (2024) Aflatoxin M1 levels in urine and breast milk of lactating mothers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 41 (10). pp. 1360-1367. ISSN 1944-0049; eISSN: 1944-0057 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19440049.2024.2386462 10.1080/19440049.2024.2386462 |
| spellingShingle | Aminuddin, Alyaa Izzati Jamaluddin, Rosita Sabran, Mohd Redzwan Mohd Shukri, Nurul Husna Aflatoxin M1 levels in urine and breast milk of lactating mothers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
| title | Aflatoxin M1 levels in urine and breast milk of lactating mothers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
| title_full | Aflatoxin M1 levels in urine and breast milk of lactating mothers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
| title_fullStr | Aflatoxin M1 levels in urine and breast milk of lactating mothers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Aflatoxin M1 levels in urine and breast milk of lactating mothers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
| title_short | Aflatoxin M1 levels in urine and breast milk of lactating mothers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
| title_sort | aflatoxin m1 levels in urine and breast milk of lactating mothers in kuala lumpur, malaysia |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118891/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118891/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118891/ |