Optimising spent mushroom compost biochar for heavy metal removal: Mechanisms and kinetics in mine water treatment
Overpopulation and urbanisation have led to water crises, and abandoned mine water has become an alternative water source for some countries. This study optimises the potential of biochar derived from spent mushroom compost (SMC), a cost-effective and locally abundant biomass resource, to remove spe...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118737/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118737/1/118737.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848867773345693696 |
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| author | Madzin, Zafira Zahidi, Izni Talei, Amin Raghunandan, Mavinakere Eshwaraiah Hermawan, Andreas Aditya Karam, Daljit Singh |
| author_facet | Madzin, Zafira Zahidi, Izni Talei, Amin Raghunandan, Mavinakere Eshwaraiah Hermawan, Andreas Aditya Karam, Daljit Singh |
| author_sort | Madzin, Zafira |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Overpopulation and urbanisation have led to water crises, and abandoned mine water has become an alternative water source for some countries. This study optimises the potential of biochar derived from spent mushroom compost (SMC), a cost-effective and locally abundant biomass resource, to remove specific heavy metals (copper - Cu, manganese - Mn, iron - Fe, and lead - Pb) commonly found in abandoned mine water. SMC was pyrolysed into biochar at varying temperatures (300 °C, 500 °C, and 700 °C). Preliminary characterisation and in-depth batch studies were conducted to evaluate the properties of SMC biochar prepared at varying pyrolysis temperatures. Results indicate that SMC biochar effectively removes heavy metals, with varied performance based on pyrolysis temperature. The highest removal occurred at 500 °C for Cu (2.573 mg/g), Mn (1.522 mg/g) and Pb (2.491 mg/g). Batch studies revealed that adsorption performance depended on pH, pyrolysis temperature, and initial metal concentration. Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models fitted well (R2 > 0.99), confirmed monolayer adsorption driven by cation exchange, electrostatic interactions, and π-complexation mechanisms. These findings highlight the suitability of SMC biochar as an eco-friendly alternative to activated carbon for heavy metal removal. This research advances biochar applications in mine water treatment, contributing to sustainable development and water resource management. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:38:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-118737 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:38:51Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1187372025-07-23T02:49:04Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118737/ Optimising spent mushroom compost biochar for heavy metal removal: Mechanisms and kinetics in mine water treatment Madzin, Zafira Zahidi, Izni Talei, Amin Raghunandan, Mavinakere Eshwaraiah Hermawan, Andreas Aditya Karam, Daljit Singh Overpopulation and urbanisation have led to water crises, and abandoned mine water has become an alternative water source for some countries. This study optimises the potential of biochar derived from spent mushroom compost (SMC), a cost-effective and locally abundant biomass resource, to remove specific heavy metals (copper - Cu, manganese - Mn, iron - Fe, and lead - Pb) commonly found in abandoned mine water. SMC was pyrolysed into biochar at varying temperatures (300 °C, 500 °C, and 700 °C). Preliminary characterisation and in-depth batch studies were conducted to evaluate the properties of SMC biochar prepared at varying pyrolysis temperatures. Results indicate that SMC biochar effectively removes heavy metals, with varied performance based on pyrolysis temperature. The highest removal occurred at 500 °C for Cu (2.573 mg/g), Mn (1.522 mg/g) and Pb (2.491 mg/g). Batch studies revealed that adsorption performance depended on pH, pyrolysis temperature, and initial metal concentration. Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models fitted well (R2 > 0.99), confirmed monolayer adsorption driven by cation exchange, electrostatic interactions, and π-complexation mechanisms. These findings highlight the suitability of SMC biochar as an eco-friendly alternative to activated carbon for heavy metal removal. This research advances biochar applications in mine water treatment, contributing to sustainable development and water resource management. Elsevier 2025 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118737/1/118737.pdf Madzin, Zafira and Zahidi, Izni and Talei, Amin and Raghunandan, Mavinakere Eshwaraiah and Hermawan, Andreas Aditya and Karam, Daljit Singh (2025) Optimising spent mushroom compost biochar for heavy metal removal: Mechanisms and kinetics in mine water treatment. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 69. art. no. 106829. pp. 1-16. ISSN 2214-7144 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2214714424020610 10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106829 |
| spellingShingle | Madzin, Zafira Zahidi, Izni Talei, Amin Raghunandan, Mavinakere Eshwaraiah Hermawan, Andreas Aditya Karam, Daljit Singh Optimising spent mushroom compost biochar for heavy metal removal: Mechanisms and kinetics in mine water treatment |
| title | Optimising spent mushroom compost biochar for heavy metal removal: Mechanisms and kinetics in mine water treatment |
| title_full | Optimising spent mushroom compost biochar for heavy metal removal: Mechanisms and kinetics in mine water treatment |
| title_fullStr | Optimising spent mushroom compost biochar for heavy metal removal: Mechanisms and kinetics in mine water treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimising spent mushroom compost biochar for heavy metal removal: Mechanisms and kinetics in mine water treatment |
| title_short | Optimising spent mushroom compost biochar for heavy metal removal: Mechanisms and kinetics in mine water treatment |
| title_sort | optimising spent mushroom compost biochar for heavy metal removal: mechanisms and kinetics in mine water treatment |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118737/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118737/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118737/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118737/1/118737.pdf |