Acute and subacute oral toxicity assessment of the polysaccharides extracted from Clinacanthus nutans leaves: a preclinical model for drug safety screening
Emerging investigations have indicated that many plant polysaccharides may be beneficial for treating metabolic diseases. To date, the therapeutic efficacy and potential toxicity of polysaccharides extracted from Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans) remain unexplored. This study investigated the in vivo...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia
2025
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118499/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118499/1/118499.pdf |
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| author | Chia, Tan Yong Gan, Chee Yuen Kaur, Gurjeet Cheah, Pike See Murugaiyah, Vikneswaran Ahmad, Ashfaq Alsuwayt, Bader Alnasser, Sulaiman Mohammed Abdullah Shafie, Muhammad Hakimin Nair, Selvamani Narayan Abdulla, Mohammed H. Johns, Edward James |
| author_facet | Chia, Tan Yong Gan, Chee Yuen Kaur, Gurjeet Cheah, Pike See Murugaiyah, Vikneswaran Ahmad, Ashfaq Alsuwayt, Bader Alnasser, Sulaiman Mohammed Abdullah Shafie, Muhammad Hakimin Nair, Selvamani Narayan Abdulla, Mohammed H. Johns, Edward James |
| author_sort | Chia, Tan Yong |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Emerging investigations have indicated that many plant polysaccharides may be beneficial for treating metabolic diseases. To date, the therapeutic efficacy and potential toxicity of polysaccharides extracted from Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans) remain unexplored. This study investigated the in vivo acute and subacute oral toxicological profiles of the highest doses of C. nutans bioactive polysaccharides (CNBP) extracted from the leaves using conventional toxicity methods. The total of 39 healthy 8–10 weeks male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 3) were randomly assigned to control (C), acute (A) and subacute (SA) groups receiving 125, 250, 500, 1,000, 2,000 or 3,000 mg/kg/day of CNBP extract, respectively. The acute group received a single dose of CNBP extract, whereas the subacute group received daily single doses of CNBP extract for 14 days. Oral administration of up to 3,000 mg/kg CNBP extract caused no abnormal signs of toxicity during 14 days. However, daily administration of 500 mg/kg or higher doses of CNBP extract for 14 days induced a mild degree of toxicity in the liver, characterised by elevated alkaline phosphatase levels with C (163 ± 9 U/L) vs. SA500 (222 ± 49 U/L), SA1000 (223 ± 29 U/L), SA2000 (238 ± 33 U/L) and SA3000 (252 ± 18 U/L). CNBP extracts exhibit therapeutic potential, exemplified by diuretic, natriuretic, anti-hypertensive, anti-tachycardia, reno-protective and cholesterol-lowering properties. Precautions should be taken when administering the extracts at higher doses and for longer durations. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:37:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-118499 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:37:56Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1184992025-07-18T02:12:58Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118499/ Acute and subacute oral toxicity assessment of the polysaccharides extracted from Clinacanthus nutans leaves: a preclinical model for drug safety screening Chia, Tan Yong Gan, Chee Yuen Kaur, Gurjeet Cheah, Pike See Murugaiyah, Vikneswaran Ahmad, Ashfaq Alsuwayt, Bader Alnasser, Sulaiman Mohammed Abdullah Shafie, Muhammad Hakimin Nair, Selvamani Narayan Abdulla, Mohammed H. Johns, Edward James Emerging investigations have indicated that many plant polysaccharides may be beneficial for treating metabolic diseases. To date, the therapeutic efficacy and potential toxicity of polysaccharides extracted from Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans) remain unexplored. This study investigated the in vivo acute and subacute oral toxicological profiles of the highest doses of C. nutans bioactive polysaccharides (CNBP) extracted from the leaves using conventional toxicity methods. The total of 39 healthy 8–10 weeks male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 3) were randomly assigned to control (C), acute (A) and subacute (SA) groups receiving 125, 250, 500, 1,000, 2,000 or 3,000 mg/kg/day of CNBP extract, respectively. The acute group received a single dose of CNBP extract, whereas the subacute group received daily single doses of CNBP extract for 14 days. Oral administration of up to 3,000 mg/kg CNBP extract caused no abnormal signs of toxicity during 14 days. However, daily administration of 500 mg/kg or higher doses of CNBP extract for 14 days induced a mild degree of toxicity in the liver, characterised by elevated alkaline phosphatase levels with C (163 ± 9 U/L) vs. SA500 (222 ± 49 U/L), SA1000 (223 ± 29 U/L), SA2000 (238 ± 33 U/L) and SA3000 (252 ± 18 U/L). CNBP extracts exhibit therapeutic potential, exemplified by diuretic, natriuretic, anti-hypertensive, anti-tachycardia, reno-protective and cholesterol-lowering properties. Precautions should be taken when administering the extracts at higher doses and for longer durations. Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia 2025 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118499/1/118499.pdf Chia, Tan Yong and Gan, Chee Yuen and Kaur, Gurjeet and Cheah, Pike See and Murugaiyah, Vikneswaran and Ahmad, Ashfaq and Alsuwayt, Bader and Alnasser, Sulaiman Mohammed Abdullah and Shafie, Muhammad Hakimin and Nair, Selvamani Narayan and Abdulla, Mohammed H. and Johns, Edward James (2025) Acute and subacute oral toxicity assessment of the polysaccharides extracted from Clinacanthus nutans leaves: a preclinical model for drug safety screening. Tropical Life Sciences Research, 36 (1). pp. 245-276. ISSN 1985-3718; eISSN: 2180-4249 https://ejournal.usm.my/tlsr/article/view/tlsr_36_1_13 10.21315/tlsr2025.36.1.13 |
| spellingShingle | Chia, Tan Yong Gan, Chee Yuen Kaur, Gurjeet Cheah, Pike See Murugaiyah, Vikneswaran Ahmad, Ashfaq Alsuwayt, Bader Alnasser, Sulaiman Mohammed Abdullah Shafie, Muhammad Hakimin Nair, Selvamani Narayan Abdulla, Mohammed H. Johns, Edward James Acute and subacute oral toxicity assessment of the polysaccharides extracted from Clinacanthus nutans leaves: a preclinical model for drug safety screening |
| title | Acute and subacute oral toxicity assessment of the polysaccharides extracted from Clinacanthus nutans leaves: a preclinical model for drug safety screening |
| title_full | Acute and subacute oral toxicity assessment of the polysaccharides extracted from Clinacanthus nutans leaves: a preclinical model for drug safety screening |
| title_fullStr | Acute and subacute oral toxicity assessment of the polysaccharides extracted from Clinacanthus nutans leaves: a preclinical model for drug safety screening |
| title_full_unstemmed | Acute and subacute oral toxicity assessment of the polysaccharides extracted from Clinacanthus nutans leaves: a preclinical model for drug safety screening |
| title_short | Acute and subacute oral toxicity assessment of the polysaccharides extracted from Clinacanthus nutans leaves: a preclinical model for drug safety screening |
| title_sort | acute and subacute oral toxicity assessment of the polysaccharides extracted from clinacanthus nutans leaves: a preclinical model for drug safety screening |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118499/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118499/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118499/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118499/1/118499.pdf |