Chromatography and spectroscopy methods for the analysis of nicotine and other chemical ingredients in e-liquid formulation: a review
Spectroscopy and chromatography methods have become the most preferred techniques for detecting ingredients in e-liquid analysis. Both methods are widely used for separating and quantifying volatile compounds in a sample, providing individual chemical information in complex mixtures. This paper aims...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Universiti Putra Malaysia Press
2024
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116492/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116492/1/116492.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848867016021114880 |
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| author | Abdull Manap, Mohd Rashidi Hamzah, Noor Hazfalinda Aina Kholili, Qhurratul Abu Hasan, Fatin Alhumaira, Azhana |
| author_facet | Abdull Manap, Mohd Rashidi Hamzah, Noor Hazfalinda Aina Kholili, Qhurratul Abu Hasan, Fatin Alhumaira, Azhana |
| author_sort | Abdull Manap, Mohd Rashidi |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Spectroscopy and chromatography methods have become the most preferred techniques for detecting ingredients in e-liquid analysis. Both methods are widely used for separating and quantifying volatile compounds in a sample, providing individual chemical information in complex mixtures. This paper aims to review the detection and quantification of nicotine and other chemical ingredients in e-liquid used in e-cigarettes. E-cigarettes use the evaporation-condensation principle of aerosolization to produce an inhaled vapor containing nicotine, excipients, and flavoring agents. This review covers sample preparation, identification, and quantification of nicotine and other ingredients using chromatography and spectroscopy analysis. The spectroscopy methods are useful for quickly identifying and quantifying volatile compounds, including propylene glycol (PG), vegetable glycol (VG), and nicotine, while spectroscopic methods, particularly the Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) method, have lower analytical performance compared to chromatography methods in detecting nicotine and other chemical ingredients. Based on the review, chromatographic methods are the primary option for analyzing nicotine in all e-liquid samples, offering a better alternative for a future study with the presence of multiple detectors. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:29:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-116492 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:29:47Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Universiti Putra Malaysia Press |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1164922025-04-09T03:44:43Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116492/ Chromatography and spectroscopy methods for the analysis of nicotine and other chemical ingredients in e-liquid formulation: a review Abdull Manap, Mohd Rashidi Hamzah, Noor Hazfalinda Aina Kholili, Qhurratul Abu Hasan, Fatin Alhumaira, Azhana Spectroscopy and chromatography methods have become the most preferred techniques for detecting ingredients in e-liquid analysis. Both methods are widely used for separating and quantifying volatile compounds in a sample, providing individual chemical information in complex mixtures. This paper aims to review the detection and quantification of nicotine and other chemical ingredients in e-liquid used in e-cigarettes. E-cigarettes use the evaporation-condensation principle of aerosolization to produce an inhaled vapor containing nicotine, excipients, and flavoring agents. This review covers sample preparation, identification, and quantification of nicotine and other ingredients using chromatography and spectroscopy analysis. The spectroscopy methods are useful for quickly identifying and quantifying volatile compounds, including propylene glycol (PG), vegetable glycol (VG), and nicotine, while spectroscopic methods, particularly the Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) method, have lower analytical performance compared to chromatography methods in detecting nicotine and other chemical ingredients. Based on the review, chromatographic methods are the primary option for analyzing nicotine in all e-liquid samples, offering a better alternative for a future study with the presence of multiple detectors. Universiti Putra Malaysia Press 2024-01-15 Article PeerReviewed text en cc_by_nc_nd_4 http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116492/1/116492.pdf Abdull Manap, Mohd Rashidi and Hamzah, Noor Hazfalinda and Aina Kholili, Qhurratul and Abu Hasan, Fatin and Alhumaira, Azhana (2024) Chromatography and spectroscopy methods for the analysis of nicotine and other chemical ingredients in e-liquid formulation: a review. Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology, 32 (1). pp. 127-141. ISSN 0128-7680; eISSN: 2231-8526 http://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/pjst/browse/regular-issue?article=JST-4165-2022 10.47836/pjst.32.1.08 |
| spellingShingle | Abdull Manap, Mohd Rashidi Hamzah, Noor Hazfalinda Aina Kholili, Qhurratul Abu Hasan, Fatin Alhumaira, Azhana Chromatography and spectroscopy methods for the analysis of nicotine and other chemical ingredients in e-liquid formulation: a review |
| title | Chromatography and spectroscopy methods for the analysis of nicotine and other chemical ingredients in e-liquid formulation: a review |
| title_full | Chromatography and spectroscopy methods for the analysis of nicotine and other chemical ingredients in e-liquid formulation: a review |
| title_fullStr | Chromatography and spectroscopy methods for the analysis of nicotine and other chemical ingredients in e-liquid formulation: a review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chromatography and spectroscopy methods for the analysis of nicotine and other chemical ingredients in e-liquid formulation: a review |
| title_short | Chromatography and spectroscopy methods for the analysis of nicotine and other chemical ingredients in e-liquid formulation: a review |
| title_sort | chromatography and spectroscopy methods for the analysis of nicotine and other chemical ingredients in e-liquid formulation: a review |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116492/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116492/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116492/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116492/1/116492.pdf |