Glycerol acetylation over yttrium oxide (Y2O3) catalyst supported on palm kernel shell-derived carbon and parameters optimization studies using response surface methodology (RSM)
A biomass derived carbon supported yttrium oxide catalyst (Y2O3/PKS-T700) was synthesized and evaluated in glycerol acetylation reaction using four-factor, two-level face-centred central composite design (24 CCD) of the response surface methodology (RSM). The catalyst exhibited high glycerol convers...
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| Format: | Article |
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Elsevier
2023
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/108114/ |
| _version_ | 1848865076634714112 |
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| author | Fidelis Uchenna, Amadi Irmawati, Ramli Taufiq-Yap, Yun Hin Mohd Izham, Saiman Nda-Umar, Usman Idris |
| author_facet | Fidelis Uchenna, Amadi Irmawati, Ramli Taufiq-Yap, Yun Hin Mohd Izham, Saiman Nda-Umar, Usman Idris |
| author_sort | Fidelis Uchenna, Amadi |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | A biomass derived carbon supported yttrium oxide catalyst (Y2O3/PKS-T700) was synthesized and evaluated in glycerol acetylation reaction using four-factor, two-level face-centred central composite design (24 CCD) of the response surface methodology (RSM). The catalyst exhibited high glycerol conversion (GC) (99.8%) and product selectivity of 11.1%, 60.2%, and 29.6% monoacetin (MA), diacetin (DA) and triacetin (TA) under optimized conditions of temperature 130 ℃, glycerol-to-acetic acid molar ratio 1:12 and catalyst loading 0.5 g in 5 h reaction time. The catalyst was synthesized via carbonization of palm kernel shell (PKS), impregnated with 15 wt% yttrium oxide (Y2O3) and calcined appropriately. The synthesized catalyst was further characterized by N2 physisorption analysis (BET surface area), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), and temperature programmed desorption-ammonia (TPD-NH3). Results revealed that the catalyst is more of mesoporous material with large surface area, good pore volume and average size distributions. It is thermally stable with good acidity and various functional groups. On subjecting the catalyst to a reusability test in three (3) reaction cycles under the optimal conditions, it was found to maintain good acetylation reaction with little degradation. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:58:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-108114 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:58:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1081142024-09-24T07:52:29Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/108114/ Glycerol acetylation over yttrium oxide (Y2O3) catalyst supported on palm kernel shell-derived carbon and parameters optimization studies using response surface methodology (RSM) Fidelis Uchenna, Amadi Irmawati, Ramli Taufiq-Yap, Yun Hin Mohd Izham, Saiman Nda-Umar, Usman Idris A biomass derived carbon supported yttrium oxide catalyst (Y2O3/PKS-T700) was synthesized and evaluated in glycerol acetylation reaction using four-factor, two-level face-centred central composite design (24 CCD) of the response surface methodology (RSM). The catalyst exhibited high glycerol conversion (GC) (99.8%) and product selectivity of 11.1%, 60.2%, and 29.6% monoacetin (MA), diacetin (DA) and triacetin (TA) under optimized conditions of temperature 130 ℃, glycerol-to-acetic acid molar ratio 1:12 and catalyst loading 0.5 g in 5 h reaction time. The catalyst was synthesized via carbonization of palm kernel shell (PKS), impregnated with 15 wt% yttrium oxide (Y2O3) and calcined appropriately. The synthesized catalyst was further characterized by N2 physisorption analysis (BET surface area), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), and temperature programmed desorption-ammonia (TPD-NH3). Results revealed that the catalyst is more of mesoporous material with large surface area, good pore volume and average size distributions. It is thermally stable with good acidity and various functional groups. On subjecting the catalyst to a reusability test in three (3) reaction cycles under the optimal conditions, it was found to maintain good acetylation reaction with little degradation. Elsevier 2023 Article PeerReviewed Fidelis Uchenna, Amadi and Irmawati, Ramli and Taufiq-Yap, Yun Hin and Mohd Izham, Saiman and Nda-Umar, Usman Idris (2023) Glycerol acetylation over yttrium oxide (Y2O3) catalyst supported on palm kernel shell-derived carbon and parameters optimization studies using response surface methodology (RSM). Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 16 (8). art. no. 104865. pp. 1-16. ISSN 1878-5352; ESSN: 1878-5379 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1878535223003271 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104865 |
| spellingShingle | Fidelis Uchenna, Amadi Irmawati, Ramli Taufiq-Yap, Yun Hin Mohd Izham, Saiman Nda-Umar, Usman Idris Glycerol acetylation over yttrium oxide (Y2O3) catalyst supported on palm kernel shell-derived carbon and parameters optimization studies using response surface methodology (RSM) |
| title | Glycerol acetylation over yttrium oxide (Y2O3) catalyst supported on palm kernel shell-derived carbon and parameters optimization studies using response surface methodology (RSM) |
| title_full | Glycerol acetylation over yttrium oxide (Y2O3) catalyst supported on palm kernel shell-derived carbon and parameters optimization studies using response surface methodology (RSM) |
| title_fullStr | Glycerol acetylation over yttrium oxide (Y2O3) catalyst supported on palm kernel shell-derived carbon and parameters optimization studies using response surface methodology (RSM) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Glycerol acetylation over yttrium oxide (Y2O3) catalyst supported on palm kernel shell-derived carbon and parameters optimization studies using response surface methodology (RSM) |
| title_short | Glycerol acetylation over yttrium oxide (Y2O3) catalyst supported on palm kernel shell-derived carbon and parameters optimization studies using response surface methodology (RSM) |
| title_sort | glycerol acetylation over yttrium oxide (y2o3) catalyst supported on palm kernel shell-derived carbon and parameters optimization studies using response surface methodology (rsm) |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/108114/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/108114/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/108114/ |