Effect of natural antibacterial clays against single biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhimurium bacteria on a stainless-steel surface
Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhimurium have a propensity to develop biofilms on food contact surfaces, such as stainless-steel, that persist despite rigorous cleaning and sanitizing procedures. Since both bacterial species pose a significant public health risk within the food chain, improv...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2023
|
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/107515/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/107515/1/Effect%20of%20natural%20antibacterial%20clays%20against%20single%20biofilm%20formation%20by%20Staphylococcus%20aureus%20and%20Salmonella%20Typhimurium%20bacteria%20on%20a%20stainless-steel%20surface.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848864916460535808 |
|---|---|
| author | Wan Omar, Wan Hasyera Mahyudin, Nor Ainy Azmi, Nur Naqiyah Mahmud Ab Rashid, Nor-Khaizura Ismail, Roslan Mohd Yusoff, Mohd Hafis Yuswan Khairil Mokhtar, Nur Fadhilah Sharples, Gary J. |
| author_facet | Wan Omar, Wan Hasyera Mahyudin, Nor Ainy Azmi, Nur Naqiyah Mahmud Ab Rashid, Nor-Khaizura Ismail, Roslan Mohd Yusoff, Mohd Hafis Yuswan Khairil Mokhtar, Nur Fadhilah Sharples, Gary J. |
| author_sort | Wan Omar, Wan Hasyera |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhimurium have a propensity to develop biofilms on food contact surfaces, such as stainless-steel, that persist despite rigorous cleaning and sanitizing procedures. Since both bacterial species pose a significant public health risk within the food chain, improved anti-biofilm measures are needed. This study examined the potential of clays as antibacterial and anti-biofilm agents against these two pathogens on appropriate contact surfaces. Natural soil was processed to yield leachates and suspensions of both untreated and treated clays. Soil particle size, pH, cation-exchange capacity, and metal ions were characterized to assess their importance in bacterial killing. Initial antibacterial screening was performed on nine distinct types of natural Malaysian soil using a disk diffusion assay. Untreated leachate from Kuala Gula and Kuala Kangsar clays were found to inhibit S. aureus (7.75 ± 0.25 mm) and Salmonella Typhimurium (11.85 ± 1.63 mm), respectively. The treated Kuala Gula suspension (50.0 and 25.0 %) reduced S. aureus biofilms by 4.4 and 4.2 log at 24 and 6 h, respectively, while treated Kuala Kangsar suspension (12.5 %) by a 4.16 log reduction at 6 h. Although less effective, the treated Kuala Gula leachate (50.0 %) was effective in removing Salmonella Typhimurium biofilm with a decrease of >3 log in 24 h. In contrast to Kuala Kangsar clays, the treated Kuala Gula clays contained a much higher soluble metal content, especially Al (301.05 ± 0.45 ppm), Fe (691.83 ± 4.80 ppm) and Mg (88.44 ± 0.47 ppm). Elimination of S. aureus biofilms correlated with the presence of Fe, Cu, Pb, Ni, Mn and Zn irrespective of the pH of the leachate. Our findings demonstrate that a treated suspension is the most effective for eradication of S. aureus biofilms with a potential as a sanitizer-tolerant, natural antibacterial against biofilms for applications in the food industry. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:56:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-107515 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:56:25Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1075152024-10-17T07:18:45Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/107515/ Effect of natural antibacterial clays against single biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhimurium bacteria on a stainless-steel surface Wan Omar, Wan Hasyera Mahyudin, Nor Ainy Azmi, Nur Naqiyah Mahmud Ab Rashid, Nor-Khaizura Ismail, Roslan Mohd Yusoff, Mohd Hafis Yuswan Khairil Mokhtar, Nur Fadhilah Sharples, Gary J. Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhimurium have a propensity to develop biofilms on food contact surfaces, such as stainless-steel, that persist despite rigorous cleaning and sanitizing procedures. Since both bacterial species pose a significant public health risk within the food chain, improved anti-biofilm measures are needed. This study examined the potential of clays as antibacterial and anti-biofilm agents against these two pathogens on appropriate contact surfaces. Natural soil was processed to yield leachates and suspensions of both untreated and treated clays. Soil particle size, pH, cation-exchange capacity, and metal ions were characterized to assess their importance in bacterial killing. Initial antibacterial screening was performed on nine distinct types of natural Malaysian soil using a disk diffusion assay. Untreated leachate from Kuala Gula and Kuala Kangsar clays were found to inhibit S. aureus (7.75 ± 0.25 mm) and Salmonella Typhimurium (11.85 ± 1.63 mm), respectively. The treated Kuala Gula suspension (50.0 and 25.0 %) reduced S. aureus biofilms by 4.4 and 4.2 log at 24 and 6 h, respectively, while treated Kuala Kangsar suspension (12.5 %) by a 4.16 log reduction at 6 h. Although less effective, the treated Kuala Gula leachate (50.0 %) was effective in removing Salmonella Typhimurium biofilm with a decrease of >3 log in 24 h. In contrast to Kuala Kangsar clays, the treated Kuala Gula clays contained a much higher soluble metal content, especially Al (301.05 ± 0.45 ppm), Fe (691.83 ± 4.80 ppm) and Mg (88.44 ± 0.47 ppm). Elimination of S. aureus biofilms correlated with the presence of Fe, Cu, Pb, Ni, Mn and Zn irrespective of the pH of the leachate. Our findings demonstrate that a treated suspension is the most effective for eradication of S. aureus biofilms with a potential as a sanitizer-tolerant, natural antibacterial against biofilms for applications in the food industry. Elsevier 2023-06-02 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/107515/1/Effect%20of%20natural%20antibacterial%20clays%20against%20single%20biofilm%20formation%20by%20Staphylococcus%20aureus%20and%20Salmonella%20Typhimurium%20bacteria%20on%20a%20stainless-steel%20surface.pdf Wan Omar, Wan Hasyera and Mahyudin, Nor Ainy and Azmi, Nur Naqiyah and Mahmud Ab Rashid, Nor-Khaizura and Ismail, Roslan and Mohd Yusoff, Mohd Hafis Yuswan and Khairil Mokhtar, Nur Fadhilah and Sharples, Gary J. (2023) Effect of natural antibacterial clays against single biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhimurium bacteria on a stainless-steel surface. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 394. art. no. 110184. pp. 1-15. ISSN 0168-1605; ESSN: 1879-3460 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168160523001009?via%3Dihub 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110184 |
| spellingShingle | Wan Omar, Wan Hasyera Mahyudin, Nor Ainy Azmi, Nur Naqiyah Mahmud Ab Rashid, Nor-Khaizura Ismail, Roslan Mohd Yusoff, Mohd Hafis Yuswan Khairil Mokhtar, Nur Fadhilah Sharples, Gary J. Effect of natural antibacterial clays against single biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhimurium bacteria on a stainless-steel surface |
| title | Effect of natural antibacterial clays against single biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhimurium bacteria on a stainless-steel surface |
| title_full | Effect of natural antibacterial clays against single biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhimurium bacteria on a stainless-steel surface |
| title_fullStr | Effect of natural antibacterial clays against single biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhimurium bacteria on a stainless-steel surface |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of natural antibacterial clays against single biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhimurium bacteria on a stainless-steel surface |
| title_short | Effect of natural antibacterial clays against single biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhimurium bacteria on a stainless-steel surface |
| title_sort | effect of natural antibacterial clays against single biofilm formation by staphylococcus aureus and salmonella typhimurium bacteria on a stainless-steel surface |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/107515/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/107515/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/107515/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/107515/1/Effect%20of%20natural%20antibacterial%20clays%20against%20single%20biofilm%20formation%20by%20Staphylococcus%20aureus%20and%20Salmonella%20Typhimurium%20bacteria%20on%20a%20stainless-steel%20surface.pdf |