Spent coffee grounds enhanced strength of alkali-hydroxide-free geopolymer concrete: An optimization study

This paper presents the development of alkali-hydroxide-free (AHF) geopolymer concrete made of fy ash and spent cofee grounds (SCG) mix. Geopolymers are often formulated with the use of alkali hydroxides, which may have health and safety risks, durability, and workability issues. The addition of aci...

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Main Authors: Khong, Sheh Ching, Yee, Jia Jun, Gimbun, Jolius, Tee, Kong Fah, Chin, Siew Choo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45874/
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author Khong, Sheh Ching
Yee, Jia Jun
Gimbun, Jolius
Tee, Kong Fah
Chin, Siew Choo
author_facet Khong, Sheh Ching
Yee, Jia Jun
Gimbun, Jolius
Tee, Kong Fah
Chin, Siew Choo
author_sort Khong, Sheh Ching
building UMP Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
description This paper presents the development of alkali-hydroxide-free (AHF) geopolymer concrete made of fy ash and spent cofee grounds (SCG) mix. Geopolymers are often formulated with the use of alkali hydroxides, which may have health and safety risks, durability, and workability issues. The addition of acidic materials such as SCG may neutralize the alkali content in geopolymer concrete, hence producing an AHF geopolymer. In this work, the efect of SCG addition ranging from 0 to 10% on the geopolymer strength cured from 7 to 90 days was studied. The optimum curing period and SCG addition that can yield the highest strength were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). It was found that the geopolymer concrete containing 1.85% SCG cured for 75 days has the highest compressive strength of 12.78 MPa. The AHF geopolymer demonstrated 6.8% higher acid resistance than the control mix. This work demonstrated the contribution of SCG in the formation of an AHF geopolymer with enhanced strength.
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spelling ump-458742025-10-06T07:59:12Z https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45874/ Spent coffee grounds enhanced strength of alkali-hydroxide-free geopolymer concrete: An optimization study Khong, Sheh Ching Yee, Jia Jun Gimbun, Jolius Tee, Kong Fah Chin, Siew Choo TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TP Chemical technology This paper presents the development of alkali-hydroxide-free (AHF) geopolymer concrete made of fy ash and spent cofee grounds (SCG) mix. Geopolymers are often formulated with the use of alkali hydroxides, which may have health and safety risks, durability, and workability issues. The addition of acidic materials such as SCG may neutralize the alkali content in geopolymer concrete, hence producing an AHF geopolymer. In this work, the efect of SCG addition ranging from 0 to 10% on the geopolymer strength cured from 7 to 90 days was studied. The optimum curing period and SCG addition that can yield the highest strength were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). It was found that the geopolymer concrete containing 1.85% SCG cured for 75 days has the highest compressive strength of 12.78 MPa. The AHF geopolymer demonstrated 6.8% higher acid resistance than the control mix. This work demonstrated the contribution of SCG in the formation of an AHF geopolymer with enhanced strength. Springer 2025 Article PeerReviewed pdf en cc_by_4 https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45874/1/Spent%20coffee%20grounds%20enhanced%20strength.pdf Khong, Sheh Ching and Yee, Jia Jun and Gimbun, Jolius and Tee, Kong Fah and Chin, Siew Choo (2025) Spent coffee grounds enhanced strength of alkali-hydroxide-free geopolymer concrete: An optimization study. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Engineering, 20 (1). pp. 1-19. ISSN 3004-8958. (Published) https://doi.org/10.1186/s40712-025-00331-7 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40712-025-00331-7 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40712-025-00331-7
spellingShingle TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering
TP Chemical technology
Khong, Sheh Ching
Yee, Jia Jun
Gimbun, Jolius
Tee, Kong Fah
Chin, Siew Choo
Spent coffee grounds enhanced strength of alkali-hydroxide-free geopolymer concrete: An optimization study
title Spent coffee grounds enhanced strength of alkali-hydroxide-free geopolymer concrete: An optimization study
title_full Spent coffee grounds enhanced strength of alkali-hydroxide-free geopolymer concrete: An optimization study
title_fullStr Spent coffee grounds enhanced strength of alkali-hydroxide-free geopolymer concrete: An optimization study
title_full_unstemmed Spent coffee grounds enhanced strength of alkali-hydroxide-free geopolymer concrete: An optimization study
title_short Spent coffee grounds enhanced strength of alkali-hydroxide-free geopolymer concrete: An optimization study
title_sort spent coffee grounds enhanced strength of alkali-hydroxide-free geopolymer concrete: an optimization study
topic TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering
TP Chemical technology
url https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45874/
https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45874/
https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45874/