Comparative review on vertical deformation in deep excavations: Insights from BU and TD methods
With the rapid pace of urbanization, controlling vertical deformation in deep excavations has become increasingly important. This study reviews over one hundred recent publications and systematically compares the Bottom-up (BU) and Top-down (TD) methods using four key indicators: surface settlement,...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier Ltd.
2025
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45694/ |