Nano-enhanced biocarriers: Ferric oxide-modified chitosan and calcium alginate beads for improved fermentation efficiency and reusability in a bubble column bioreactor
Chitosan beads (CB) and calcium alginate beads (CAB) are widely used for immobilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae in fermentation, but their low mechanical strength and limited surface area reduce ethanol yield. To overcome these limitations, ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃) nanoparticles were incorporated into CB...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Springer
2025
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45131/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45131/1/Ferric%20oxide-modified%20chitosan%20and%20calcium%20alginate%20beads.pdf |