Enhancing biofuel pellet quality using torrefaction and co-pelletization of palm kernel shell and empty fruit bunch

Palm kernel shell (PKS) and empty fruit bunch (EFB) are potential biomass resources for producing solid biofuel for energy applications. However, raw EFB and PKS are not uniform in size and pose rotting behavior. Torrefaction and co-pelletization are both effective methods to improve their combustio...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Sang, Chang Siaw, Suriyati, Saleh, Noor Asma Fazli, Abdul Samad
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer Nature 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/43862/
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/43862/1/Enhancing%20biofuel%20pellet%20quality%20using%20torrefaction%202025.pdf