Investigation of heavy metal concentrations for biocoke by using ICP-OES
The palm oil industry produces large amounts of empty oil palm bunches (EFB) waste, which can pollute the environment if it contains hazardous heavy metals. This study aims to analyze the concentration of heavy metals in EFB using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier B.V.
2025
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| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/43807/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/43807/1/Investigation%20of%20heavy%20metal%20concentrations%20for%20biocoke%20by%20using%20ICP-OES.pdf |
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| author | Erdiwansyah, E. Gani, Asri Desvita, Hera Mahidin, M. Bahagia, Bahagia Rizalman, Mamat Mohd Rosdi, Salleh |
| author_facet | Erdiwansyah, E. Gani, Asri Desvita, Hera Mahidin, M. Bahagia, Bahagia Rizalman, Mamat Mohd Rosdi, Salleh |
| author_sort | Erdiwansyah, E. |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The palm oil industry produces large amounts of empty oil palm bunches (EFB) waste, which can pollute the environment if it contains hazardous heavy metals. This study aims to analyze the concentration of heavy metals in EFB using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) method. The analysis showed that hazardous heavy metals such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lithium (Li) were not detected in EFB samples. Calcium (Ca) was recorded as the metal with the highest concentration of 52.636,42 µg/g, followed by sodium (Na) at 863,67 µg/g and copper (Cu) at 6.12 µg/g. Variations in soaking temperature and water flow rate in the EFB preparation process affected the concentration of certain metals, such as a significant increase in Ca with increasing flow rate. These results indicate that EFB is relatively safe to use as a raw material for biocoke. It can partially replace coal as an alternative fuel in the combustion process because its calorific value is close to coal. In addition to supporting emission reduction efforts, this study provides a scientific basis for a more environmentally friendly and sustainable palm oil industry waste management strategy and opportunities for developing alternative fuels from biomass that can help improve energy efficiency in various industrial applications. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:53:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ump-43807 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:53:10Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Elsevier B.V. |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | ump-438072025-02-13T08:38:31Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/43807/ Investigation of heavy metal concentrations for biocoke by using ICP-OES Erdiwansyah, E. Gani, Asri Desvita, Hera Mahidin, M. Bahagia, Bahagia Rizalman, Mamat Mohd Rosdi, Salleh T Technology (General) TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics The palm oil industry produces large amounts of empty oil palm bunches (EFB) waste, which can pollute the environment if it contains hazardous heavy metals. This study aims to analyze the concentration of heavy metals in EFB using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) method. The analysis showed that hazardous heavy metals such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lithium (Li) were not detected in EFB samples. Calcium (Ca) was recorded as the metal with the highest concentration of 52.636,42 µg/g, followed by sodium (Na) at 863,67 µg/g and copper (Cu) at 6.12 µg/g. Variations in soaking temperature and water flow rate in the EFB preparation process affected the concentration of certain metals, such as a significant increase in Ca with increasing flow rate. These results indicate that EFB is relatively safe to use as a raw material for biocoke. It can partially replace coal as an alternative fuel in the combustion process because its calorific value is close to coal. In addition to supporting emission reduction efforts, this study provides a scientific basis for a more environmentally friendly and sustainable palm oil industry waste management strategy and opportunities for developing alternative fuels from biomass that can help improve energy efficiency in various industrial applications. Elsevier B.V. 2025 Article PeerReviewed pdf en cc_by_nc_4 http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/43807/1/Investigation%20of%20heavy%20metal%20concentrations%20for%20biocoke%20by%20using%20ICP-OES.pdf Erdiwansyah, E. and Gani, Asri and Desvita, Hera and Mahidin, M. and Bahagia, Bahagia and Rizalman, Mamat and Mohd Rosdi, Salleh (2025) Investigation of heavy metal concentrations for biocoke by using ICP-OES. Results in Engineering, 25 (103717). pp. 1-10. ISSN 2590-1230. (Published) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103717 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103717 |
| spellingShingle | T Technology (General) TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics Erdiwansyah, E. Gani, Asri Desvita, Hera Mahidin, M. Bahagia, Bahagia Rizalman, Mamat Mohd Rosdi, Salleh Investigation of heavy metal concentrations for biocoke by using ICP-OES |
| title | Investigation of heavy metal concentrations for biocoke by using ICP-OES |
| title_full | Investigation of heavy metal concentrations for biocoke by using ICP-OES |
| title_fullStr | Investigation of heavy metal concentrations for biocoke by using ICP-OES |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of heavy metal concentrations for biocoke by using ICP-OES |
| title_short | Investigation of heavy metal concentrations for biocoke by using ICP-OES |
| title_sort | investigation of heavy metal concentrations for biocoke by using icp-oes |
| topic | T Technology (General) TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics |
| url | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/43807/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/43807/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/43807/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/43807/1/Investigation%20of%20heavy%20metal%20concentrations%20for%20biocoke%20by%20using%20ICP-OES.pdf |