Design and development of smart parking system based on fog computing and internet of things
Current parking systems employ a single gateway‐centered solution (i.e., cloud) for data processing which leads to the possibility of a single point of failure, data loss, and high delays. Moreover, the parking‐spot selection process considers criteria that do not maximize parking utilization and re...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI
2021
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/33081/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/33081/1/Design%20and%20development%20of%20smart%20parking%20system%20based%20on%20fog%20computing.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848824170407788544 |
|---|---|
| author | Balfaqih, M. Jabbar, W. Khayyat, M. Hassan, R. |
| author_facet | Balfaqih, M. Jabbar, W. Khayyat, M. Hassan, R. |
| author_sort | Balfaqih, M. |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Current parking systems employ a single gateway‐centered solution (i.e., cloud) for data processing which leads to the possibility of a single point of failure, data loss, and high delays. Moreover, the parking‐spot selection process considers criteria that do not maximize parking utilization and revenue. The pricing strategy does not achieve high revenue because a fixed pricing rate is utilized. To address these issues, this paper proposes a smart parking system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) that provides useful information to drivers and parking administrators about available parking spots and related services such as parking navigation, reservation, and availability estimation. A multi‐layer architecture is developed that consists of multiple sensor nodes, and fog and cloud computing layers. The acquired parking data are processed through fog computing nodes to facilitate obtaining the required real‐time parking data. A novel algorithm to obtain the optimal parking spot with the minimum arrival time is also presented. Proof‐of‐concept implementation and simulation evaluations are conducted to validate the system performance. The findings show that the system reduces the parking arrival time by 16%–46% compared to current parking systems. In addition, the revenue is increased for the parking authority by 10%–15%. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:08:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ump-33081 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:08:46Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | MDPI |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | ump-330812022-01-06T04:16:13Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/33081/ Design and development of smart parking system based on fog computing and internet of things Balfaqih, M. Jabbar, W. Khayyat, M. Hassan, R. T Technology (General) TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering Current parking systems employ a single gateway‐centered solution (i.e., cloud) for data processing which leads to the possibility of a single point of failure, data loss, and high delays. Moreover, the parking‐spot selection process considers criteria that do not maximize parking utilization and revenue. The pricing strategy does not achieve high revenue because a fixed pricing rate is utilized. To address these issues, this paper proposes a smart parking system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) that provides useful information to drivers and parking administrators about available parking spots and related services such as parking navigation, reservation, and availability estimation. A multi‐layer architecture is developed that consists of multiple sensor nodes, and fog and cloud computing layers. The acquired parking data are processed through fog computing nodes to facilitate obtaining the required real‐time parking data. A novel algorithm to obtain the optimal parking spot with the minimum arrival time is also presented. Proof‐of‐concept implementation and simulation evaluations are conducted to validate the system performance. The findings show that the system reduces the parking arrival time by 16%–46% compared to current parking systems. In addition, the revenue is increased for the parking authority by 10%–15%. MDPI 2021-12-02 Article PeerReviewed pdf en cc_by_4 http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/33081/1/Design%20and%20development%20of%20smart%20parking%20system%20based%20on%20fog%20computing.pdf Balfaqih, M. and Jabbar, W. and Khayyat, M. and Hassan, R. (2021) Design and development of smart parking system based on fog computing and internet of things. Electronics (Switzerland), 10 (24). pp. 1-18. ISSN 2079-9292. (Published) https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10243184 https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10243184 |
| spellingShingle | T Technology (General) TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering Balfaqih, M. Jabbar, W. Khayyat, M. Hassan, R. Design and development of smart parking system based on fog computing and internet of things |
| title | Design and development of smart parking system based on fog computing and internet of things |
| title_full | Design and development of smart parking system based on fog computing and internet of things |
| title_fullStr | Design and development of smart parking system based on fog computing and internet of things |
| title_full_unstemmed | Design and development of smart parking system based on fog computing and internet of things |
| title_short | Design and development of smart parking system based on fog computing and internet of things |
| title_sort | design and development of smart parking system based on fog computing and internet of things |
| topic | T Technology (General) TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering |
| url | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/33081/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/33081/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/33081/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/33081/1/Design%20and%20development%20of%20smart%20parking%20system%20based%20on%20fog%20computing.pdf |