The effects of instruction of formulaic sequences and working memory on Malaysian ESL learners’ oral fluency
Despite being exposed to the English language for more than 13 years, Malaysian students have yet to reach the required proficiency level (i.e. appropriate selection and appropriate speech production in general and oral fluency in particular). Many of them experience difficulties at the workpl...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
2024
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| Online Access: | http://journalarticle.ukm.my/25017/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/25017/1/Gema%20Online_24_4_11.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848816245504212992 |
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| author | Maryam Orang, Ghayth Kamel Shaker Al-Shaibani, Thomas Voon Foo Chow, Eng Tek Ong, |
| author_facet | Maryam Orang, Ghayth Kamel Shaker Al-Shaibani, Thomas Voon Foo Chow, Eng Tek Ong, |
| author_sort | Maryam Orang, |
| building | UKM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Despite being exposed to the English language for more than 13 years, Malaysian students have
yet to reach the required proficiency level (i.e. appropriate selection and appropriate speech
production in general and oral fluency in particular). Many of them experience difficulties at the
workplace due to inadequate English skills, particularly in speaking. This study sheds light on the
effects of explicit instruction of Formulaic Sequences (FSs) on low-intermediate and intermediate
Malaysian ESL learners’ use of formulaic sequences and oral fluency while considering their
working memory capacity. A sample of 54 students enrolled in a preparatory English language
course was selected through purposive sampling. They were classified as intermediate and low
intermediate ESL learners based on their Malaysian University English Test (MUET) results with
band scores of 2 and 3, categorized as low-intermediate and intermediate users, respectively.They
were divided into two groups: the experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG) by
selecting them as similar as possible. The EG received a specific treatment encompassed the
explicit instruction of FSs, fluency workshops, and conscious-raising awareness activities,
embedded in the regular content materials for fifteen sessions with three-hour-long each session.
Both samples were pre-tested and post-tested, followed by semi-structured interviews. In sum,
both quantitative and qualitative findings revealed positive effects of explicit instruction of FSs on
the participants’ use of FSs and their L2 oral fluency related variables. However, the correlation
between the working memory (WM) and participants’ performance did not reach the hypothesized
level. The results also supported the proficiency-related and language-dependent features of WM,
the general capacity and general processing hypotheses, and the task-specific view. By integrating
both communicative and cognitive approaches, this research would benefit the curric |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T01:02:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | oai:generic.eprints.org:25017 |
| institution | Universiti Kebangasaan Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T01:02:49Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | oai:generic.eprints.org:250172025-04-10T10:01:27Z http://journalarticle.ukm.my/25017/ The effects of instruction of formulaic sequences and working memory on Malaysian ESL learners’ oral fluency Maryam Orang, Ghayth Kamel Shaker Al-Shaibani, Thomas Voon Foo Chow, Eng Tek Ong, Despite being exposed to the English language for more than 13 years, Malaysian students have yet to reach the required proficiency level (i.e. appropriate selection and appropriate speech production in general and oral fluency in particular). Many of them experience difficulties at the workplace due to inadequate English skills, particularly in speaking. This study sheds light on the effects of explicit instruction of Formulaic Sequences (FSs) on low-intermediate and intermediate Malaysian ESL learners’ use of formulaic sequences and oral fluency while considering their working memory capacity. A sample of 54 students enrolled in a preparatory English language course was selected through purposive sampling. They were classified as intermediate and low intermediate ESL learners based on their Malaysian University English Test (MUET) results with band scores of 2 and 3, categorized as low-intermediate and intermediate users, respectively.They were divided into two groups: the experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG) by selecting them as similar as possible. The EG received a specific treatment encompassed the explicit instruction of FSs, fluency workshops, and conscious-raising awareness activities, embedded in the regular content materials for fifteen sessions with three-hour-long each session. Both samples were pre-tested and post-tested, followed by semi-structured interviews. In sum, both quantitative and qualitative findings revealed positive effects of explicit instruction of FSs on the participants’ use of FSs and their L2 oral fluency related variables. However, the correlation between the working memory (WM) and participants’ performance did not reach the hypothesized level. The results also supported the proficiency-related and language-dependent features of WM, the general capacity and general processing hypotheses, and the task-specific view. By integrating both communicative and cognitive approaches, this research would benefit the curric Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2024 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://journalarticle.ukm.my/25017/1/Gema%20Online_24_4_11.pdf Maryam Orang, and Ghayth Kamel Shaker Al-Shaibani, and Thomas Voon Foo Chow, and Eng Tek Ong, (2024) The effects of instruction of formulaic sequences and working memory on Malaysian ESL learners’ oral fluency. GEMA: Online Journal of Language Studies, 24 (4). pp. 192-213. ISSN 1675-8021 https://ejournal.ukm.my/gema/issue/view/1775 |
| spellingShingle | Maryam Orang, Ghayth Kamel Shaker Al-Shaibani, Thomas Voon Foo Chow, Eng Tek Ong, The effects of instruction of formulaic sequences and working memory on Malaysian ESL learners’ oral fluency |
| title | The effects of instruction of formulaic sequences and working memory on Malaysian ESL learners’ oral fluency |
| title_full | The effects of instruction of formulaic sequences and working memory on Malaysian ESL learners’ oral fluency |
| title_fullStr | The effects of instruction of formulaic sequences and working memory on Malaysian ESL learners’ oral fluency |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effects of instruction of formulaic sequences and working memory on Malaysian ESL learners’ oral fluency |
| title_short | The effects of instruction of formulaic sequences and working memory on Malaysian ESL learners’ oral fluency |
| title_sort | effects of instruction of formulaic sequences and working memory on malaysian esl learners’ oral fluency |
| url | http://journalarticle.ukm.my/25017/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/25017/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/25017/1/Gema%20Online_24_4_11.pdf |