Optimization of effervescent tablet-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with central composite design for preconcentration of stimulant drug
The extraction efficiency of stimulant drug, namely caffeine, was investigated using a 23 central composite design. The values of optimum extraction condition were set at 468 µL of 1-dodecanol, 1 piece of effervescent tablet, and 22 °C of extraction temperature. An enrichment factor was calcul...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
2021
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| Online Access: | http://journalarticle.ukm.my/16397/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/16397/1/12.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848814041729859584 |
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| author | Nurliyana Tazulazhar, Loh, Saw Hong Marinah Mohd Ariffin, Wan Mohd Afiq Wan Mohd Khalik, |
| author_facet | Nurliyana Tazulazhar, Loh, Saw Hong Marinah Mohd Ariffin, Wan Mohd Afiq Wan Mohd Khalik, |
| author_sort | Nurliyana Tazulazhar, |
| building | UKM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The extraction efficiency of stimulant drug, namely caffeine, was investigated using a 23
central composite design. The
values of optimum extraction condition were set at 468 µL of 1-dodecanol, 1 piece of effervescent tablet, and 22 °C
of extraction temperature. An enrichment factor was calculated as 72 for 80 mL water sample. The run time was
conducted in less than 6 min using a non-polar C18 column and an isocratic mobile phase (methanol: water of 40:60
(v/v)) at a controlled flow rate of 1 mL min-1. A good linear response was achieved in the range of 0.01-0.50 µg mL-1 (R2
> 0.998). Detection and quantification limits were calculated at 0.009 and 0.015 µg mL-1, respectively. The average
recoveries at two spiking concentration levels were within the range of 75-105% with RSD < 2% (n = 3). Real samples
namely beverages which contained caffeine and river water were tested using the proposed method, and the results
ranged 0.021-0.56 µg mL-1. The eco-scale score and green analytical procedure index confirmed the greenness profile
of the proposed method through a calculated score of 88 and has 6 green criteria, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T00:27:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | oai:generic.eprints.org:16397 |
| institution | Universiti Kebangasaan Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T00:27:47Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | oai:generic.eprints.org:163972021-04-13T04:08:46Z http://journalarticle.ukm.my/16397/ Optimization of effervescent tablet-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with central composite design for preconcentration of stimulant drug Nurliyana Tazulazhar, Loh, Saw Hong Marinah Mohd Ariffin, Wan Mohd Afiq Wan Mohd Khalik, The extraction efficiency of stimulant drug, namely caffeine, was investigated using a 23 central composite design. The values of optimum extraction condition were set at 468 µL of 1-dodecanol, 1 piece of effervescent tablet, and 22 °C of extraction temperature. An enrichment factor was calculated as 72 for 80 mL water sample. The run time was conducted in less than 6 min using a non-polar C18 column and an isocratic mobile phase (methanol: water of 40:60 (v/v)) at a controlled flow rate of 1 mL min-1. A good linear response was achieved in the range of 0.01-0.50 µg mL-1 (R2 > 0.998). Detection and quantification limits were calculated at 0.009 and 0.015 µg mL-1, respectively. The average recoveries at two spiking concentration levels were within the range of 75-105% with RSD < 2% (n = 3). Real samples namely beverages which contained caffeine and river water were tested using the proposed method, and the results ranged 0.021-0.56 µg mL-1. The eco-scale score and green analytical procedure index confirmed the greenness profile of the proposed method through a calculated score of 88 and has 6 green criteria, respectively. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2021-01 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://journalarticle.ukm.my/16397/1/12.pdf Nurliyana Tazulazhar, and Loh, Saw Hong and Marinah Mohd Ariffin, and Wan Mohd Afiq Wan Mohd Khalik, (2021) Optimization of effervescent tablet-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with central composite design for preconcentration of stimulant drug. Sains Malaysiana, 50 (1). pp. 109-121. ISSN 0126-6039 https://www.ukm.my/jsm/malay_journals/jilid50bil1_2021/KandunganJilid50Bil1_2021.html |
| spellingShingle | Nurliyana Tazulazhar, Loh, Saw Hong Marinah Mohd Ariffin, Wan Mohd Afiq Wan Mohd Khalik, Optimization of effervescent tablet-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with central composite design for preconcentration of stimulant drug |
| title | Optimization of effervescent tablet-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with central composite design for preconcentration of stimulant drug |
| title_full | Optimization of effervescent tablet-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with central composite design for preconcentration of stimulant drug |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of effervescent tablet-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with central composite design for preconcentration of stimulant drug |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of effervescent tablet-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with central composite design for preconcentration of stimulant drug |
| title_short | Optimization of effervescent tablet-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with central composite design for preconcentration of stimulant drug |
| title_sort | optimization of effervescent tablet-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with central composite design for preconcentration of stimulant drug |
| url | http://journalarticle.ukm.my/16397/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/16397/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/16397/1/12.pdf |