A practical and time-efficient high-intensity interval training program modifies cardio-metabolic risk factors in adults with risk factors for type ii diabetes
Introduction: Regular physical activity (PA) can reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, but adherence to time-orientated (150 min week−1 or more) PA guidelines is very poor. A practical and time-efficient PA regime that was equally efficacious at controlling risk factors for cardio-metabolic...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media
2017
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| Online Access: | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/46428/ |
| _version_ | 1848797324888768512 |
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| author | Phillips, Bethan E. Kelly, Benjamin M. Lilja, Mats Ponce-González, Jesús Gustavo Brogan, Robert J. Morris, David L. Gustafsson, Thomas Kraus, William E. Atherton, Philip J. Vollaard, Niels B. J. Rooyackers, Olav Timmons, James A. |
| author_facet | Phillips, Bethan E. Kelly, Benjamin M. Lilja, Mats Ponce-González, Jesús Gustavo Brogan, Robert J. Morris, David L. Gustafsson, Thomas Kraus, William E. Atherton, Philip J. Vollaard, Niels B. J. Rooyackers, Olav Timmons, James A. |
| author_sort | Phillips, Bethan E. |
| building | Nottingham Research Data Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Introduction: Regular physical activity (PA) can reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, but adherence to time-orientated (150 min week−1 or more) PA guidelines is very poor. A practical and time-efficient PA regime that was equally efficacious at controlling risk factors for cardio-metabolic disease is one solution to this problem. Herein, we evaluate a new time-efficient and genuinely practical high-intensity interval training (HIT) protocol in men and women with pre-existing risk factors for type 2 diabetes.
Materials and methods: One hundred eighty-nine sedentary women (n = 101) and men (n = 88) with impaired glucose tolerance and/or a body mass index >27 kg m−2 [mean (range) age: 36 (18–53) years] participated in this multi-center study. Each completed a fully supervised 6-week HIT protocol at work-loads equivalent to ~100 or ~125% V˙O2 max. Change in V˙O2 max was used to monitor protocol efficacy, while Actiheart™ monitors were used to determine PA during four, weeklong, periods. Mean arterial (blood) pressure (MAP) and fasting insulin resistance [homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)-IR] represent key health biomarker outcomes.
Results: The higher intensity bouts (~125% V˙O2 max) used during a 5-by-1 min HIT protocol resulted in a robust increase in V˙O2 max (136 participants, +10.0%, p < 0.001; large size effect). 5-by-1 HIT reduced MAP (~3%; p < 0.001) and HOMA-IR (~16%; p < 0.01). Physiological responses were similar in men and women while a sizeable proportion of the training-induced changes in V˙O2 max, MAP, and HOMA-IR was retained 3 weeks after cessation of training. The supervised HIT sessions accounted for the entire quantifiable increase in PA, and this equated to 400 metabolic equivalent (MET) min week−1. Meta-analysis indicated that 5-by-1 HIT matched the efficacy and variability of a time-consuming 30-week PA program on V˙O2 max, MAP, and HOMA-IR.
Conclusion: With a total time-commitment of <15 min per session and reliance on a practical ergometer protocol, 5-by-1 HIT offers a new solution to modulate cardio-metabolic risk factors in adults with pre-existing risk factors for type 2 diabetes while approximately meeting the MET min week−1 PA guidelines. Long-term randomized controlled studies will be required to quantify the ability for 5-by-1 HIT to reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes, while strategies are required to harmonize the adaptations to exercise across individuals. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T20:02:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | nottingham-46428 |
| institution | University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T20:02:04Z |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | nottingham-464282024-08-15T15:24:01Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/46428/ A practical and time-efficient high-intensity interval training program modifies cardio-metabolic risk factors in adults with risk factors for type ii diabetes Phillips, Bethan E. Kelly, Benjamin M. Lilja, Mats Ponce-González, Jesús Gustavo Brogan, Robert J. Morris, David L. Gustafsson, Thomas Kraus, William E. Atherton, Philip J. Vollaard, Niels B. J. Rooyackers, Olav Timmons, James A. Introduction: Regular physical activity (PA) can reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, but adherence to time-orientated (150 min week−1 or more) PA guidelines is very poor. A practical and time-efficient PA regime that was equally efficacious at controlling risk factors for cardio-metabolic disease is one solution to this problem. Herein, we evaluate a new time-efficient and genuinely practical high-intensity interval training (HIT) protocol in men and women with pre-existing risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods: One hundred eighty-nine sedentary women (n = 101) and men (n = 88) with impaired glucose tolerance and/or a body mass index >27 kg m−2 [mean (range) age: 36 (18–53) years] participated in this multi-center study. Each completed a fully supervised 6-week HIT protocol at work-loads equivalent to ~100 or ~125% V˙O2 max. Change in V˙O2 max was used to monitor protocol efficacy, while Actiheart™ monitors were used to determine PA during four, weeklong, periods. Mean arterial (blood) pressure (MAP) and fasting insulin resistance [homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)-IR] represent key health biomarker outcomes. Results: The higher intensity bouts (~125% V˙O2 max) used during a 5-by-1 min HIT protocol resulted in a robust increase in V˙O2 max (136 participants, +10.0%, p < 0.001; large size effect). 5-by-1 HIT reduced MAP (~3%; p < 0.001) and HOMA-IR (~16%; p < 0.01). Physiological responses were similar in men and women while a sizeable proportion of the training-induced changes in V˙O2 max, MAP, and HOMA-IR was retained 3 weeks after cessation of training. The supervised HIT sessions accounted for the entire quantifiable increase in PA, and this equated to 400 metabolic equivalent (MET) min week−1. Meta-analysis indicated that 5-by-1 HIT matched the efficacy and variability of a time-consuming 30-week PA program on V˙O2 max, MAP, and HOMA-IR. Conclusion: With a total time-commitment of <15 min per session and reliance on a practical ergometer protocol, 5-by-1 HIT offers a new solution to modulate cardio-metabolic risk factors in adults with pre-existing risk factors for type 2 diabetes while approximately meeting the MET min week−1 PA guidelines. Long-term randomized controlled studies will be required to quantify the ability for 5-by-1 HIT to reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes, while strategies are required to harmonize the adaptations to exercise across individuals. Frontiers Media 2017-09-08 Article PeerReviewed Phillips, Bethan E., Kelly, Benjamin M., Lilja, Mats, Ponce-González, Jesús Gustavo, Brogan, Robert J., Morris, David L., Gustafsson, Thomas, Kraus, William E., Atherton, Philip J., Vollaard, Niels B. J., Rooyackers, Olav and Timmons, James A. (2017) A practical and time-efficient high-intensity interval training program modifies cardio-metabolic risk factors in adults with risk factors for type ii diabetes. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 8 . 229/1-229/11. ISSN 1664-2392 health exercise high-intensity interval training variability V˙O2 max blood pressure detraining homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2017.00229/full doi:10.3389/fendo.2017.00229 doi:10.3389/fendo.2017.00229 |
| spellingShingle | health exercise high-intensity interval training variability V˙O2 max blood pressure detraining homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance Phillips, Bethan E. Kelly, Benjamin M. Lilja, Mats Ponce-González, Jesús Gustavo Brogan, Robert J. Morris, David L. Gustafsson, Thomas Kraus, William E. Atherton, Philip J. Vollaard, Niels B. J. Rooyackers, Olav Timmons, James A. A practical and time-efficient high-intensity interval training program modifies cardio-metabolic risk factors in adults with risk factors for type ii diabetes |
| title | A practical and time-efficient high-intensity interval training program modifies cardio-metabolic risk factors in adults with risk factors for type ii diabetes |
| title_full | A practical and time-efficient high-intensity interval training program modifies cardio-metabolic risk factors in adults with risk factors for type ii diabetes |
| title_fullStr | A practical and time-efficient high-intensity interval training program modifies cardio-metabolic risk factors in adults with risk factors for type ii diabetes |
| title_full_unstemmed | A practical and time-efficient high-intensity interval training program modifies cardio-metabolic risk factors in adults with risk factors for type ii diabetes |
| title_short | A practical and time-efficient high-intensity interval training program modifies cardio-metabolic risk factors in adults with risk factors for type ii diabetes |
| title_sort | practical and time-efficient high-intensity interval training program modifies cardio-metabolic risk factors in adults with risk factors for type ii diabetes |
| topic | health exercise high-intensity interval training variability V˙O2 max blood pressure detraining homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance |
| url | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/46428/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/46428/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/46428/ |