Is there an association between the coverage of immunisation boosters by the age of 5 and deprivation?: an ecological study
Objective: To determine whether there was an association between the coverage of booster immunisation of Diphtheria, Tetanus, acellular Pertussis and Polio (DTaP/IPV) and second Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR) dose by age 5 in accordance with the English national immunisation schedule by area-level...
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| Format: | Article |
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Elsevier
2015
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| Online Access: | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30864/ |
| _version_ | 1848794078442946560 |
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| author | Sandford, Helena Tata, Laila J. Browne, Ivan Pritchard, Catherine |
| author_facet | Sandford, Helena Tata, Laila J. Browne, Ivan Pritchard, Catherine |
| author_sort | Sandford, Helena |
| building | Nottingham Research Data Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Objective: To determine whether there was an association between the coverage of booster immunisation of Diphtheria, Tetanus, acellular Pertussis and Polio (DTaP/IPV) and second Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR) dose by age 5 in accordance with the English national immunisation schedule by area-level socioeconomic deprivation and whether this changed between 2007/08 and 2010/11. Design: Ecological study. Data: Routinely collected national Cover of Vaccination Evaluated Rapidly data on immunisation coverage for DTaP/IPV booster and second MMR dose by age 5 and the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD). Setting: Primary Care Trust (PCT) areas in England between 2007/08 and 2010/11. Outcome Measures: Population coverage (%) of DTaP/IPV booster and second MMR immunisation by age 5. Results: Over the 4 years among the 9,457,600 children there was an increase in the mean proportion of children being immunised for DTaP/IPV booster and second MMR across England, increasing from 79% (standard deviation (SD12%)) to 86% (SD8%) for DTaP/IPV and 75% (SD10%) to 84% (SD6%) for second MMR between 2007/08 and 2010/11. In 2007/08 the area with lowest DTaP/IPV booster coverage was 31% compared to 54.4% in 2010/11 and for the second MMR in 2007/08 was 39% compared to 64.8% in 2010/11. A weak negative correlation was observed between average IMD score and immunisation coverage for the DTaP/IPV booster which reduced but remained statistically significant over the study period (r = −0.298, p<0.001 in 2007/08 and r = −0.179, p = 0.028 in 2010/11). This was similar for the second MMR in 2007/08 (r = −0.225, p = 0.008) and 2008/09 (r = −0.216, p = 0.008) but there was no statistically significant correlation in 2009/10 (r = −0.108, p = 0.186) or 2010/11 (r = −0.078, p = 0.343). Conclusion: Lower immunisation coverage of DTaP/IPV booster and second MMR dose was associated with higher area-level socioeconomic deprivation, although this inequality reduced between 2007/08 and 2010/11 as proportions of children being immunised increased at PCT level, particularly for the most deprived areas. However, coverage is still below the World Health Organisation recommended 95% threshold for Europe. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T19:10:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | nottingham-30864 |
| institution | University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T19:10:28Z |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| spelling | nottingham-308642024-08-15T15:16:29Z https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30864/ Is there an association between the coverage of immunisation boosters by the age of 5 and deprivation?: an ecological study Sandford, Helena Tata, Laila J. Browne, Ivan Pritchard, Catherine Objective: To determine whether there was an association between the coverage of booster immunisation of Diphtheria, Tetanus, acellular Pertussis and Polio (DTaP/IPV) and second Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR) dose by age 5 in accordance with the English national immunisation schedule by area-level socioeconomic deprivation and whether this changed between 2007/08 and 2010/11. Design: Ecological study. Data: Routinely collected national Cover of Vaccination Evaluated Rapidly data on immunisation coverage for DTaP/IPV booster and second MMR dose by age 5 and the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD). Setting: Primary Care Trust (PCT) areas in England between 2007/08 and 2010/11. Outcome Measures: Population coverage (%) of DTaP/IPV booster and second MMR immunisation by age 5. Results: Over the 4 years among the 9,457,600 children there was an increase in the mean proportion of children being immunised for DTaP/IPV booster and second MMR across England, increasing from 79% (standard deviation (SD12%)) to 86% (SD8%) for DTaP/IPV and 75% (SD10%) to 84% (SD6%) for second MMR between 2007/08 and 2010/11. In 2007/08 the area with lowest DTaP/IPV booster coverage was 31% compared to 54.4% in 2010/11 and for the second MMR in 2007/08 was 39% compared to 64.8% in 2010/11. A weak negative correlation was observed between average IMD score and immunisation coverage for the DTaP/IPV booster which reduced but remained statistically significant over the study period (r = −0.298, p<0.001 in 2007/08 and r = −0.179, p = 0.028 in 2010/11). This was similar for the second MMR in 2007/08 (r = −0.225, p = 0.008) and 2008/09 (r = −0.216, p = 0.008) but there was no statistically significant correlation in 2009/10 (r = −0.108, p = 0.186) or 2010/11 (r = −0.078, p = 0.343). Conclusion: Lower immunisation coverage of DTaP/IPV booster and second MMR dose was associated with higher area-level socioeconomic deprivation, although this inequality reduced between 2007/08 and 2010/11 as proportions of children being immunised increased at PCT level, particularly for the most deprived areas. However, coverage is still below the World Health Organisation recommended 95% threshold for Europe. Elsevier 2015-02-25 Article PeerReviewed Sandford, Helena, Tata, Laila J., Browne, Ivan and Pritchard, Catherine (2015) Is there an association between the coverage of immunisation boosters by the age of 5 and deprivation?: an ecological study. Vaccine, 33 (9). pp. 1218-1222. ISSN 0264-410X Immunisation; England; Index of multiple deprivation; Ecological study; Children http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X14016338 doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.12.006 doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.12.006 |
| spellingShingle | Immunisation; England; Index of multiple deprivation; Ecological study; Children Sandford, Helena Tata, Laila J. Browne, Ivan Pritchard, Catherine Is there an association between the coverage of immunisation boosters by the age of 5 and deprivation?: an ecological study |
| title | Is there an association between the coverage of immunisation boosters by the age of 5 and deprivation?: an ecological study |
| title_full | Is there an association between the coverage of immunisation boosters by the age of 5 and deprivation?: an ecological study |
| title_fullStr | Is there an association between the coverage of immunisation boosters by the age of 5 and deprivation?: an ecological study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Is there an association between the coverage of immunisation boosters by the age of 5 and deprivation?: an ecological study |
| title_short | Is there an association between the coverage of immunisation boosters by the age of 5 and deprivation?: an ecological study |
| title_sort | is there an association between the coverage of immunisation boosters by the age of 5 and deprivation?: an ecological study |
| topic | Immunisation; England; Index of multiple deprivation; Ecological study; Children |
| url | https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30864/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30864/ https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30864/ |