Understanding Concrete Damages: Causes, Contributing Factors, and Integrity Assessment
Concrete, one of the most widely used construction materials, is susceptible to various defects that compromise its durability and structural integrity. Deterioration results from a combination of chemical, physical, and environmental factors, including acid attack, chloride penetration, sulfate...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
INTI International University
2025
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/2125/ http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/2125/2/666 http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/2125/3/joit2025_03b.pdf |