Intake of cocoa products and risk of type-2 diabetes: the multiethnic cohort
© 2018 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature Background/objectives: As cocoa products may be protective against chronic disease due to their polyphenol content, the current study determined the association of chocolate consumption and flavanol intake with type-2 diabetes (T2D) incide...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
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Nature Publishing Group
2018
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/68829 |
| _version_ | 1848761899786698752 |
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| author | Maskarinec, G. Jacobs, S. Shvetsov, Y. Boushey, Carol Setiawan, V. Kolonel, L. Haiman, C. Le Marchand, L. |
| author_facet | Maskarinec, G. Jacobs, S. Shvetsov, Y. Boushey, Carol Setiawan, V. Kolonel, L. Haiman, C. Le Marchand, L. |
| author_sort | Maskarinec, G. |
| building | Curtin Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | © 2018 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature Background/objectives: As cocoa products may be protective against chronic disease due to their polyphenol content, the current study determined the association of chocolate consumption and flavanol intake with type-2 diabetes (T2D) incidence in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) Study. Subjects/methods: The analysis included 151,691 participants of Native Hawaiian, Japanese American, Latino, African American, and white ancestry with 8487 incident T2D cases after 7.8 ± 3.5 years of follow-up. T2D status was based on three self-reports and confirmed by at least one of three administrative data sources. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and flavanols from cocoa products were estimated from self-reported consumption of chocolate candy and drinks. Cox hazard regression, adjusted for potential confounders was applied to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: For chocolate candy, both the highest vs. lowest (=10 vs. < 1 g/day) consumption (HR = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.83–0.97; p trend = 0.01) and the frequency (=4/week vs. < 1/month) of intake (HR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.72–0.91; p trend = 0.0002) were inversely associated with T2D. The estimated flavanol intake from cocoa products (=3 vs. < 1 mg/day) also showed an inverse association with T2D risk (HR = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88–0.99; p trend = 0.02). Significant interaction terms indicated that the inverse relation was limited to Japanese Americans, normal-weight individuals, and to those without comorbidities. Conclusions: The current study confirms previous reports that participants with high intake of chocolate products and cocoa-derived flavanols experience a reduced risk of developing T2D even after controlling for sugar intake, diet quality, and other aspects of the diet. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T10:39:00Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | curtin-20.500.11937-68829 |
| institution | Curtin University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T10:39:00Z |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publisher | Nature Publishing Group |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | curtin-20.500.11937-688292018-06-29T12:36:11Z Intake of cocoa products and risk of type-2 diabetes: the multiethnic cohort Maskarinec, G. Jacobs, S. Shvetsov, Y. Boushey, Carol Setiawan, V. Kolonel, L. Haiman, C. Le Marchand, L. © 2018 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature Background/objectives: As cocoa products may be protective against chronic disease due to their polyphenol content, the current study determined the association of chocolate consumption and flavanol intake with type-2 diabetes (T2D) incidence in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) Study. Subjects/methods: The analysis included 151,691 participants of Native Hawaiian, Japanese American, Latino, African American, and white ancestry with 8487 incident T2D cases after 7.8 ± 3.5 years of follow-up. T2D status was based on three self-reports and confirmed by at least one of three administrative data sources. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and flavanols from cocoa products were estimated from self-reported consumption of chocolate candy and drinks. Cox hazard regression, adjusted for potential confounders was applied to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: For chocolate candy, both the highest vs. lowest (=10 vs. < 1 g/day) consumption (HR = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.83–0.97; p trend = 0.01) and the frequency (=4/week vs. < 1/month) of intake (HR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.72–0.91; p trend = 0.0002) were inversely associated with T2D. The estimated flavanol intake from cocoa products (=3 vs. < 1 mg/day) also showed an inverse association with T2D risk (HR = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88–0.99; p trend = 0.02). Significant interaction terms indicated that the inverse relation was limited to Japanese Americans, normal-weight individuals, and to those without comorbidities. Conclusions: The current study confirms previous reports that participants with high intake of chocolate products and cocoa-derived flavanols experience a reduced risk of developing T2D even after controlling for sugar intake, diet quality, and other aspects of the diet. 2018 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/68829 10.1038/s41430-018-0188-9 Nature Publishing Group restricted |
| spellingShingle | Maskarinec, G. Jacobs, S. Shvetsov, Y. Boushey, Carol Setiawan, V. Kolonel, L. Haiman, C. Le Marchand, L. Intake of cocoa products and risk of type-2 diabetes: the multiethnic cohort |
| title | Intake of cocoa products and risk of type-2 diabetes: the multiethnic cohort |
| title_full | Intake of cocoa products and risk of type-2 diabetes: the multiethnic cohort |
| title_fullStr | Intake of cocoa products and risk of type-2 diabetes: the multiethnic cohort |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intake of cocoa products and risk of type-2 diabetes: the multiethnic cohort |
| title_short | Intake of cocoa products and risk of type-2 diabetes: the multiethnic cohort |
| title_sort | intake of cocoa products and risk of type-2 diabetes: the multiethnic cohort |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/68829 |