Cross-Cultural Invariance of the Mental Toughness Inventory Among Australian, Chinese, and Malaysian Athletes: A Bayesian Estimation Approach

The aims of this study were to assess the cross-cultural invariance of athletes' self-reports of mental toughness and to introduce and illustrate the application of approximate measurement invariance using Bayesian estimation for sport and exercise psychology scholars. Athletes from Australia (...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Gucciardi, Daniel, Zhang, C., Ponnusamy, V., Si, G., Stenling, A.
Format: Journal Article
Published: Human Kinetics 2016
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/6335