Investigation of deactivation mechanisms of a solid acid catalyst during esterification of the bio-oils from mallee biomass
This study reports the deactivation mechanisms of the solid acid catalyst Amberlyst 70 during the esterification of bio-oils from mallee biomass and the methods for catalyst regeneration. The metal ions in bio-oil deactivated Amberlyst 70 via ion exchange with the hydrogen ions on/in catalyst, which...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2013
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/35416 |