| Summary: | Background & aims: The mechanisms linking dietary calcium and vitamin D to body weight regulation require confirmation. Methods: Eleven subjects, aged (mean ± SEM) 54 ± 1.2 y and BMI 31 ± 2.4 kg/m2, participated in a randomised within-subject, sequential meal protocol comparing a low calcium trial (LCT) to an isoenergetic high calcium trial (HCT). Diet induced thermogenesis (DIT), fat oxidation rates (FOR), serum leptin, subjective feelings of hunger/satiety were measured at fasting and hourly over 8 h. Spontaneous food intake at a buffet and over the following 30 h was recorded. Postprandial responses, calculated as change (Δ) from baseline for each meal, were analysed by paired t-tests and 2 × 2 repeated measures ANOVA. Results: HCT resulted in lesser suppression of ΔFOR (p = 0.02) and a significantly greater DIT (p = 0.01). Further, the buffet to dinner interval was prolonged (p = 0. 083) and reported 24 h energy intake following this trial was significantly reduced (p = 0.017). ∆leptin following HCT but not LCT was negatively related to 24 h fat intake (r = −0.81, p = 0.016). Conclusions: Higher calcium and vitamin D intake at a breakfast meal acutely increased postprandial FOR and DIT over two successive meals, and reduced spontaneous energy intake in the subsequent 24 h period.
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