The influence of gibberellic acid on the chlorophyll fluorescence, protein content and PAL activity of wax apple (Syzygium samarangense var. jambu madu) fruits
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| internalnotes | Basak A, Rozpara E, Grzyb Z (1998) Use of bioregulators to reduce sweet cherry tree growth and to improve fruit quality. Acta Hort. 468: 719–723. Bradford M (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem. 72: 248-254 Cheng GW, Breen PJ (1991) Activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and concentrations of anthocyanins and phenolics in developing strawberry fruit. J Amer Soc Hort Sci. 116: 865–869. Georgia G, Ilias I, Anastasia G, and Parthena (2010) Comparative study on the effects of various plant growth regulators on growth, quality and physiology of Capsicum annuum L. Pak J Bot. 42: 805-814. Guardiola JL (1992) Fruit set and growth. In: Donadio LC (ed) Second International Seminar on Citrus,” Univ. of Bebedouro, 1–30, Department of food science and technology. Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA. Hendry GAF, Price AH (1993) Stress indicators: chlorophylls and carotenoids. In: Hendry, G.A.F., Grime, J.P. (Eds.), Methods in Comparative Plant Ecology. Chapman & Hall, London, 148–152. Ilias I, Ouzounidou G, Giannakoula A, Papadopoulou P (2007) Effects of GA3 and Prohexadione-calcium on growth, chlorophyll fluorescence and quality of okra plant. Biol Plant. 51: 575-578. Khandaker MM, Boyce AN, Normaniza O, Hossain ABMS (2012) Physiochemical and phytochemical properties of wax apple (Syzygium samarangense [Blume] Merrill & L.M. Perry) as affected by growth regulator application under field conditions. Sci World J. volume 2012:1-13. Khandaker MM, Hossain ABMS, Osman N, Boyce AN (2011) Application of girdling for improved fruit retention, yield and fruit quality in Syzygium samaragense under field conditions. Int J Agril Biol. 13:18-24. Lim SC, Kim SK, Kim YH, Youn CK, Yoon T (2004) Vine growth and fruit quality of ‘kyoho’ grapes as affected by Mepiquat chloride and GA3. Acta Hort. (ISHS) 653: 145- 149. Lu Z, Zhang GY, Zou XK, Cheng CS, Zheng YPY (2010) Improving drought tolerance of germinating seeds by exogenous application of gibberellic acid (GA3) in rapeseed (Brassica napes’ L.). Seed Sci Technol. 38: 432-440. McGlasson WB, Wade DL, Idato I (1978) Phytohormones and fruit ripening In: Phytohormones and Related Compounds. ÈA Comprehensive Treatise, eds Letham D S, Goodwin P B & Higgins T J V. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 447-494. Moneruzzaman KM, Hossain ABMS, Sani W, Saifuddin M (2008) Effect of Stages of Maturity and Ripening Conditions on the Physical Characteristics of Tomato. Amer J Biochem Biotechnol. 4: 329-335. Moneruzzaman KM, Hossain ABMS, Saifuddin M, Imdadul H, Normaniza O, Amru NB (2010) Effects of sucrose and kinetin on the quality and vase life of Bougainvillea glabra Var. Elizabeth angus bracts at different temperature. Aus J Crop Sci. 4: 474-479. Moneruzzaman KM, Al-Saif AM, Alebedi AI, Hossain ABMS, Normaniza O, Boyce AN (2011). An evaluation of the nutritional quality of three cultivars of Syzygium samaragense under Malaysian conditions. Afr J Agril Res. 6:545-552. Rodriguez-Saona LE, MM Giusti, Wrolstad RE (1999) Color and pigment stability of red Radish and red-fleshed potato anthocyanins in juice model systems. J Food Sci. 64:451–456. Ronald EW (2001) The possible health benefits of anthocyanin pigments and polyphenolics. Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis. Roussos PA, Denaxa NK, Damvakaris T (2009) Strawberry fruit quality attributes after application of plant growth stimulating compounds. Sci Hort. 119:138–146. Shigeki Y et al (1981) Production of L-phenylalanine from trans-cinnamic acid with rhodotorula glutinis containing L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity, Applied Environ Microbial. 54: 773-778. Sujitra R, Jamnong U, Kobkiat S (2005) Effects of bagging and storage temperature on anthocyanin content and phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) activity in mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) fruit pericarp during maturation, Songklanakarin J Sci Technol. 27: 711-717. Teresa M, Esperanza M, Maria A, Cabrejas M, Francisco JLA (1998) Effects of gibberellic acid (GA3 ) on strawberry PAL (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) and TAL (tyrosine ammonia-lyase) enzyme activities. J Sci Food Agric. 77: 230-234. Tucker GA (1993) Introduction. In: Biochemistry of Fruit Ripening. Seymour G B, Taylor J E & Tucker G A. Chapman & Hall, London, UK, 1-51. Yueming J, Daryl CJ (2003) ABA effects on ethylene production, PAL activity, anthocyanin and phenolic contents of strawberry fruit. Plant Growth Reg. 39: 171– 174. Yuhua L, Ryozo S, Hirabumi M, Aneyuki SK (2001) Regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis during fruit development in strawberry. J Japan Soc Hort Sci. 70: 28- 32. Zen-hong SZ, Meon R, Tirtawinata, Thanarut C (2006) Wax apple production in selected tropical Asian countries. Acta Hort. 773: 161-164. |
| originalfilename | 7027-01-FH02-FBIM-16-04859.pdf |
| person | User user USER UsEr |
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| resourceurl | https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=12720 |
| spelling | 12720 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=12720 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection407072 Restricted Document Article Journal application/pdf Adobe Acrobat Pro DC 20 Paper Capture Plug-in with ClearScan 8 1.6 User user USER UsEr 2024-08-27 13:21:39 7027-01-FH02-FBIM-16-04859.pdf UniSZA Private Access The influence of gibberellic acid on the chlorophyll fluorescence, protein content and PAL activity of wax apple (Syzygium samarangense var. jambu madu) fruits Australian Journal of Crop Science, A study was carried out to investigate the effects of gibberellic acid on chlorophyll fluorescence, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity and anthocyanin biosynthesis in Syzygium samarangense var. jambu madu fruits. Selected horticultural parameters were monitored during the growth period from May 2014 to April 2015 using different concentrations of GA3 ranging from 20 to 100 mg L⁻¹. Results revealed that 50 mg L⁻¹ GA3 treatment increased chlorophyll content, soluble protein and produced the highest chlorophyll fluorescence and quantum yield. It was observed that 50 mg L⁻¹ GA3 treatments increased the PAL activity and anthocyanin content of fruits significantly. Furthermore, a positive correlation (R2 = 0.69) between the PAL activity and anthocyanin biosynthesis was observed in treated fruit. With regard to fruit maturity, red ripen stage showed the highest PAL activity and anthocyanin content. From this study, it can be concluded that 50 mg L⁻¹ GA3 once each week from the beginning of flower opening through fruit development, exhibited highest chlorophyll fluorescence and quantum yield, stimulated PAL activity and anthocyanin biosynthesis of the jambu air madu fruits under field conditions. 9 12 Southern Cross Publishing and Printing Pty Ltd Southern Cross Publishing and Printing Pty Ltd 1221-1227 Basak A, Rozpara E, Grzyb Z (1998) Use of bioregulators to reduce sweet cherry tree growth and to improve fruit quality. Acta Hort. 468: 719–723. Bradford M (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem. 72: 248-254 Cheng GW, Breen PJ (1991) Activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and concentrations of anthocyanins and phenolics in developing strawberry fruit. J Amer Soc Hort Sci. 116: 865–869. Georgia G, Ilias I, Anastasia G, and Parthena (2010) Comparative study on the effects of various plant growth regulators on growth, quality and physiology of Capsicum annuum L. Pak J Bot. 42: 805-814. Guardiola JL (1992) Fruit set and growth. In: Donadio LC (ed) Second International Seminar on Citrus,” Univ. of Bebedouro, 1–30, Department of food science and technology. Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA. Hendry GAF, Price AH (1993) Stress indicators: chlorophylls and carotenoids. In: Hendry, G.A.F., Grime, J.P. (Eds.), Methods in Comparative Plant Ecology. Chapman & Hall, London, 148–152. Ilias I, Ouzounidou G, Giannakoula A, Papadopoulou P (2007) Effects of GA3 and Prohexadione-calcium on growth, chlorophyll fluorescence and quality of okra plant. Biol Plant. 51: 575-578. Khandaker MM, Boyce AN, Normaniza O, Hossain ABMS (2012) Physiochemical and phytochemical properties of wax apple (Syzygium samarangense [Blume] Merrill & L.M. Perry) as affected by growth regulator application under field conditions. Sci World J. volume 2012:1-13. Khandaker MM, Hossain ABMS, Osman N, Boyce AN (2011) Application of girdling for improved fruit retention, yield and fruit quality in Syzygium samaragense under field conditions. Int J Agril Biol. 13:18-24. Lim SC, Kim SK, Kim YH, Youn CK, Yoon T (2004) Vine growth and fruit quality of ‘kyoho’ grapes as affected by Mepiquat chloride and GA3. Acta Hort. (ISHS) 653: 145- 149. Lu Z, Zhang GY, Zou XK, Cheng CS, Zheng YPY (2010) Improving drought tolerance of germinating seeds by exogenous application of gibberellic acid (GA3) in rapeseed (Brassica napes’ L.). Seed Sci Technol. 38: 432-440. McGlasson WB, Wade DL, Idato I (1978) Phytohormones and fruit ripening In: Phytohormones and Related Compounds. ÈA Comprehensive Treatise, eds Letham D S, Goodwin P B & Higgins T J V. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 447-494. Moneruzzaman KM, Hossain ABMS, Sani W, Saifuddin M (2008) Effect of Stages of Maturity and Ripening Conditions on the Physical Characteristics of Tomato. Amer J Biochem Biotechnol. 4: 329-335. Moneruzzaman KM, Hossain ABMS, Saifuddin M, Imdadul H, Normaniza O, Amru NB (2010) Effects of sucrose and kinetin on the quality and vase life of Bougainvillea glabra Var. Elizabeth angus bracts at different temperature. Aus J Crop Sci. 4: 474-479. Moneruzzaman KM, Al-Saif AM, Alebedi AI, Hossain ABMS, Normaniza O, Boyce AN (2011). An evaluation of the nutritional quality of three cultivars of Syzygium samaragense under Malaysian conditions. Afr J Agril Res. 6:545-552. Rodriguez-Saona LE, MM Giusti, Wrolstad RE (1999) Color and pigment stability of red Radish and red-fleshed potato anthocyanins in juice model systems. J Food Sci. 64:451–456. Ronald EW (2001) The possible health benefits of anthocyanin pigments and polyphenolics. Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis. Roussos PA, Denaxa NK, Damvakaris T (2009) Strawberry fruit quality attributes after application of plant growth stimulating compounds. Sci Hort. 119:138–146. Shigeki Y et al (1981) Production of L-phenylalanine from trans-cinnamic acid with rhodotorula glutinis containing L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity, Applied Environ Microbial. 54: 773-778. Sujitra R, Jamnong U, Kobkiat S (2005) Effects of bagging and storage temperature on anthocyanin content and phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) activity in mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) fruit pericarp during maturation, Songklanakarin J Sci Technol. 27: 711-717. Teresa M, Esperanza M, Maria A, Cabrejas M, Francisco JLA (1998) Effects of gibberellic acid (GA3 ) on strawberry PAL (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) and TAL (tyrosine ammonia-lyase) enzyme activities. J Sci Food Agric. 77: 230-234. Tucker GA (1993) Introduction. In: Biochemistry of Fruit Ripening. Seymour G B, Taylor J E & Tucker G A. Chapman & Hall, London, UK, 1-51. Yueming J, Daryl CJ (2003) ABA effects on ethylene production, PAL activity, anthocyanin and phenolic contents of strawberry fruit. Plant Growth Reg. 39: 171– 174. Yuhua L, Ryozo S, Hirabumi M, Aneyuki SK (2001) Regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis during fruit development in strawberry. J Japan Soc Hort Sci. 70: 28- 32. Zen-hong SZ, Meon R, Tirtawinata, Thanarut C (2006) Wax apple production in selected tropical Asian countries. Acta Hort. 773: 161-164. |
| spellingShingle | The influence of gibberellic acid on the chlorophyll fluorescence, protein content and PAL activity of wax apple (Syzygium samarangense var. jambu madu) fruits |
| summary | A study was carried out to investigate the effects of gibberellic acid on chlorophyll fluorescence, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity and anthocyanin biosynthesis in Syzygium samarangense var. jambu madu fruits. Selected horticultural parameters were monitored during the growth period from May 2014 to April 2015 using different concentrations of GA3 ranging from 20 to 100 mg L⁻¹. Results revealed that 50 mg L⁻¹ GA3 treatment increased chlorophyll content, soluble protein and produced the highest chlorophyll fluorescence and quantum yield. It was observed that 50 mg L⁻¹ GA3 treatments increased the PAL activity and anthocyanin content of fruits significantly. Furthermore, a positive correlation (R2 = 0.69) between the PAL activity and anthocyanin biosynthesis was observed in treated fruit. With regard to fruit maturity, red ripen stage showed the highest PAL activity and anthocyanin content. From this study, it can be concluded that 50 mg L⁻¹ GA3 once each week from the beginning of flower opening through fruit development, exhibited highest chlorophyll fluorescence and quantum yield, stimulated PAL activity and anthocyanin biosynthesis of the jambu air madu fruits under field conditions. |
| title | The influence of gibberellic acid on the chlorophyll fluorescence, protein content and PAL activity of wax apple (Syzygium samarangense var. jambu madu) fruits |
| title_full | The influence of gibberellic acid on the chlorophyll fluorescence, protein content and PAL activity of wax apple (Syzygium samarangense var. jambu madu) fruits |
| title_fullStr | The influence of gibberellic acid on the chlorophyll fluorescence, protein content and PAL activity of wax apple (Syzygium samarangense var. jambu madu) fruits |
| title_full_unstemmed | The influence of gibberellic acid on the chlorophyll fluorescence, protein content and PAL activity of wax apple (Syzygium samarangense var. jambu madu) fruits |
| title_short | The influence of gibberellic acid on the chlorophyll fluorescence, protein content and PAL activity of wax apple (Syzygium samarangense var. jambu madu) fruits |
| title_sort | influence of gibberellic acid on the chlorophyll fluorescence, protein content and pal activity of wax apple (syzygium samarangense var. jambu madu) fruits |