New standard methodology in cleaner production for small & medium industries / Razuana Rahim
Many countries are taking initiatives to reduce greenhouse gases emission, mainly carbon dioxide (CO2) due to growing pressure to tackle global warming effects. There are many strategies available for this purpose. Cleaner Production (CP) is one of the main strategies that can be considered to re...
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| Format: | Thesis |
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2017
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| Online Access: | http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/7766/ http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/7766/1/All.pdf http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/7766/9/cover.pdf http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/7766/3/Razuana_Rahim_KHA110081.pdf |
| Summary: | Many countries are taking initiatives to reduce greenhouse gases emission, mainly
carbon dioxide (CO2) due to growing pressure to tackle global warming effects. There
are many strategies available for this purpose. Cleaner Production (CP) is one of the
main strategies that can be considered to reduce greenhouse gases and it is a powerful
tool for greening the industries. However, the strategy is not widely used because there
is no systematic implementation methodology for industries with minimum expertise
requirement. Therefore, in this work, a new methodology for conducting a CP audit was
developed by taking into consideration various CO2 generating activities and processes
in a typical manufacturing premise. Subsequently, the methodology was used to gather
information. The CP audit tool proposed consisted of 17 key components including
quantification of entities that contribute to the generation of CO2 emission, which are
water, electricity and fuel consumption together with solid waste and wastewater
generation. The gathered information was analysed and the major contributors for CO2
emissions were identified and estimated. Subsequently, systematic CP option generation
and prioritization methodology were developed. The CP option generation tool
comprised investigative questions that were developed according to the 17 components
in the CP audit tool, whereas the answers for the questions would guide the CP options
generation. The options were generated based on the changes or modifications in the
operation, design, materials, housekeeping, recycling and training. The options
generated were further evaluated and prioritized in terms of economic, environmental
and other tangible and intangible returns. The economic evaluation showed the payback
period for the CP options, while the environmental evaluation estimated the CO2
reduction quantitatively. The practicality of the methodology developed was then
validated through demonstration in three case studied manufacturing premises, which are printing, plastic resin and beverage. The premises were selected due to their
significant contribution to environmental issues in Malaysia. Major CO2 emission
contributors in each of the premise were identified and estimated per unit of product.
The CP audit tool developed was able to comprehensively cover the overall activities
and processes in the premises. The estimated CO2e generation in the printing, plastic
resin and beverage premises were 0.81 kg CO2e/kg of paper processed, 0.84 kg CO2e/kg
of resin and 0.07 kg CO2e/L of beverage, respectively. Various CP options were
generated, evaluated and prioritized accordingly for these premises. From this analysis,
it can be concluded that it is possible to reduce CO2 emission by 10-15% even without
any monetary investment by administrating the identified CP options. In addition, about
5-10% of the CP options implemented with monetary commitment could be recovered
within a year. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the CP audit, CP option and CP
evaluation tools developed could be used to initiate a greening program for Small and
Medium Industries. |
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