High fluoride and low pH level have been detected in popular flavoured beverages in Malaysia

Objective: In children, excessive ingestion of fluoride from different sources including bottled drinking water and flavoured beverages or soft drinks can lead to the development of dental fluorosis. In addition, the pH level of beverages is important. Low pH can cause dental erosion. In this stud...

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Main Authors:	Rahim, Z.H.A., Bakri, M.M., Zakir, H.M., Ahmed, I.A., Zulkifli, N.A.
Format:	Article
Published:	2014
Subjects:	RK Dentistry Preventive dentistr
Online Access:	http://dx.doi.org/10.12669/pjms.302.4413 http://dx.doi.org/10.12669/pjms.302.4413 http://eprints.um.edu.my/9221/1/High_fluoride_and_low_pH_level_have_been_detected.pdf

id	um-9221
recordtype	eprints
spelling	um-92212014-02-05T03:30:27Z High fluoride and low pH level have been detected in popular flavoured beverages in Malaysia Rahim, Z.H.A. Bakri, M.M. Zakir, H.M. Ahmed, I.A. Zulkifli, N.A. RK Dentistry Preventive dentistr Objective: In children, excessive ingestion of fluoride from different sources including bottled drinking water and flavoured beverages or soft drinks can lead to the development of dental fluorosis. In addition, the pH level of beverages is important. Low pH can cause dental erosion. In this study we explore the fluoride content and pH level of certain popular beverages available in Malaysian supermarkets and hawkers’ stalls. Methods: Bottled drinking water and selected popular flavoured packet drinks were purchased from a supermarket and the corresponding flavoured hawkers’ drinks, from a hawker’s stall in Kuala Lumpur. Fluoride and pH of the beverages were determined using digital fluoride meter and digital pH meter respectively. Results: It was found that fluoride content and pH level vary among the beverages. The mean fluoride content in both packet and hawkers’ drinks (7.64±1.88 mg/L, 7.51±1.60 mg/L, respectively) was approximately 7 times higher than the bottled drinking water (1.05±0.35 mg/L). Among the beverages, the tea packet drink was found to contain the highest amount of fluoride (13.02±0.23 mg/L). The mean pH of bottled-drinking water was near neutral (6.96±0.17), but acidic for both supermarket (4.78.00±0.49) and hawkers’ drinks (5.73±0.24). The lychee packet drink had the lowest pH level (2.97±0.03). Conclusions: Due to the wide variation of the fluoride content and pH level of the drinks tested in this study, it is recommended that steps should be taken to control the fluoride concentration and pH level in beverages if dental fluorosis and erosion are to be prevented. 2014 Article NonPeerReviewed application/pdf http://eprints.um.edu.my/9221/1/High_fluoride_and_low_pH_level_have_been_detected.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.12669/pjms.302.4413 Rahim, Z.H.A.; Bakri, M.M.; Zakir, H.M.; Ahmed, I.A.; Zulkifli, N.A. (2014) High fluoride and low pH level have been detected in popular flavoured beverages in Malaysia. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences <http://eprints.um.edu.my/view/publication/Pakistan_Journal_of_Medical_Sciences.html>, 30 (2). ISSN 1681-715X http://eprints.um.edu.my/9221/
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	University Malaya
building	UM Research Repository
collection	Online Access
topic	RK Dentistry Preventive dentistr
spellingShingle	RK Dentistry Preventive dentistr Rahim, Z.H.A. Bakri, M.M. Zakir, H.M. Ahmed, I.A. Zulkifli, N.A. High fluoride and low pH level have been detected in popular flavoured beverages in Malaysia
description	Objective: In children, excessive ingestion of fluoride from different sources including bottled drinking water and flavoured beverages or soft drinks can lead to the development of dental fluorosis. In addition, the pH level of beverages is important. Low pH can cause dental erosion. In this study we explore the fluoride content and pH level of certain popular beverages available in Malaysian supermarkets and hawkers’ stalls. Methods: Bottled drinking water and selected popular flavoured packet drinks were purchased from a supermarket and the corresponding flavoured hawkers’ drinks, from a hawker’s stall in Kuala Lumpur. Fluoride and pH of the beverages were determined using digital fluoride meter and digital pH meter respectively. Results: It was found that fluoride content and pH level vary among the beverages. The mean fluoride content in both packet and hawkers’ drinks (7.64±1.88 mg/L, 7.51±1.60 mg/L, respectively) was approximately 7 times higher than the bottled drinking water (1.05±0.35 mg/L). Among the beverages, the tea packet drink was found to contain the highest amount of fluoride (13.02±0.23 mg/L). The mean pH of bottled-drinking water was near neutral (6.96±0.17), but acidic for both supermarket (4.78.00±0.49) and hawkers’ drinks (5.73±0.24). The lychee packet drink had the lowest pH level (2.97±0.03). Conclusions: Due to the wide variation of the fluoride content and pH level of the drinks tested in this study, it is recommended that steps should be taken to control the fluoride concentration and pH level in beverages if dental fluorosis and erosion are to be prevented.
format	Article
author	Rahim, Z.H.A. Bakri, M.M. Zakir, H.M. Ahmed, I.A. Zulkifli, N.A.
author_facet	Rahim, Z.H.A. Bakri, M.M. Zakir, H.M. Ahmed, I.A. Zulkifli, N.A.
author_sort	Rahim, Z.H.A.
title	High fluoride and low pH level have been detected in popular flavoured beverages in Malaysia
title_short	High fluoride and low pH level have been detected in popular flavoured beverages in Malaysia
title_full	High fluoride and low pH level have been detected in popular flavoured beverages in Malaysia
title_fullStr	High fluoride and low pH level have been detected in popular flavoured beverages in Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed	High fluoride and low pH level have been detected in popular flavoured beverages in Malaysia
title_sort	high fluoride and low ph level have been detected in popular flavoured beverages in malaysia
publishDate	2014
url	http://dx.doi.org/10.12669/pjms.302.4413 http://dx.doi.org/10.12669/pjms.302.4413 http://eprints.um.edu.my/9221/1/High_fluoride_and_low_pH_level_have_been_detected.pdf
first_indexed	2018-09-06T05:40:49Z
last_indexed	2018-09-06T05:40:49Z
_version_	1610835505899896832

High fluoride and low pH level have been detected in popular flavoured beverages in Malaysia

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