Spatial water quality Assessment of Langat River Basin (Malaysia) using environmetric techniques

This study investigates the spatial water quality pattern of seven stations located along the main Langat River. Environmetric methods, namely, the hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (HACA), the discriminant analysis (DA), the principal component analysis (PCA), and the factor analysis (FA)...

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Main Authors:	Juahir, H., Mokhtar, M., Toriman, M.E., Armi, A.S.M., Hanidza, T.I.T., Yusoff, M.K., Zain, S.M.
Format:	Article
Published:	2011
Subjects:	QD Chemistry
Online Access:	http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79151486489&partnerID=40&md5=aea8e6e546c87b3d134772840ed16fba http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79151486489&partnerID=40&md5=aea8e6e546c87b3d134772840ed16fba

id	um-6058
recordtype	eprints
spelling	um-60582015-03-13T06:10:44Z Spatial water quality Assessment of Langat River Basin (Malaysia) using environmetric techniques Juahir, H. Mokhtar, M. Toriman, M.E. Armi, A.S.M. Hanidza, T.I.T. Yusoff, M.K. Zain, S.M. QD Chemistry This study investigates the spatial water quality pattern of seven stations located along the main Langat River. Environmetric methods, namely, the hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (HACA), the discriminant analysis (DA), the principal component analysis (PCA), and the factor analysis (FA), were used to study the spatial variations of the most significant water quality variables and to determine the origin of pollution sources. Twenty-three water quality parameters were initially selected and analyzed. Three spatial clusters were formed based on HACA. These clusters are designated as downstream of Langat river, middle stream of Langat river, and upstream of Langat River regions. Forward and backward stepwise DA managed to discriminate six and seven water quality variables, respectively, from the original 23 variables. PCA and FA (varimax functionality) were used to investigate the origin of each water quality variable due to land use activities based on the three clustered regions. Seven principal components (PCs) were obtained with 81% total variation for the high-pollution source (HPS) region, while six PCs with 71% and 79% total variances were obtained for the moderate-pollution source (MPS) and low-pollution source (LPS) regions, respectively. The pollution sources for the HPS and MPS are of anthropogenic sources (industrial, municipal waste, and agricultural runoff). For the LPS region, the domestic and agricultural runoffs are the main sources of pollution. From this study, we can conclude that the application of environmetric methods can reveal meaningful information on the spatial variability of a large and complex river water quality data. © 2010 The Author(s). 2011 Article PeerReviewed http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79151486489&partnerID=40&md5=aea8e6e546c87b3d134772840ed16fba Juahir, H.; Mokhtar, M.; Toriman, M.E.; Armi, A.S.M.; Hanidza, T.I.T.; Yusoff, M.K.; Zain, S.M. (2011) Spatial water quality Assessment of Langat River Basin (Malaysia) using environmetric techniques. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment <http://eprints.um.edu.my/view/publication/Environmental_Monitoring_and_Assessment.html>, 173 (1-4). pp. 625-641. ISSN 01676369 http://eprints.um.edu.my/6058/
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	University Malaya
building	UM Research Repository
collection	Online Access
topic	QD Chemistry
spellingShingle	QD Chemistry Juahir, H. Mokhtar, M. Toriman, M.E. Armi, A.S.M. Hanidza, T.I.T. Yusoff, M.K. Zain, S.M. Spatial water quality Assessment of Langat River Basin (Malaysia) using environmetric techniques
description	This study investigates the spatial water quality pattern of seven stations located along the main Langat River. Environmetric methods, namely, the hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (HACA), the discriminant analysis (DA), the principal component analysis (PCA), and the factor analysis (FA), were used to study the spatial variations of the most significant water quality variables and to determine the origin of pollution sources. Twenty-three water quality parameters were initially selected and analyzed. Three spatial clusters were formed based on HACA. These clusters are designated as downstream of Langat river, middle stream of Langat river, and upstream of Langat River regions. Forward and backward stepwise DA managed to discriminate six and seven water quality variables, respectively, from the original 23 variables. PCA and FA (varimax functionality) were used to investigate the origin of each water quality variable due to land use activities based on the three clustered regions. Seven principal components (PCs) were obtained with 81% total variation for the high-pollution source (HPS) region, while six PCs with 71% and 79% total variances were obtained for the moderate-pollution source (MPS) and low-pollution source (LPS) regions, respectively. The pollution sources for the HPS and MPS are of anthropogenic sources (industrial, municipal waste, and agricultural runoff). For the LPS region, the domestic and agricultural runoffs are the main sources of pollution. From this study, we can conclude that the application of environmetric methods can reveal meaningful information on the spatial variability of a large and complex river water quality data. © 2010 The Author(s).
format	Article
author	Juahir, H. Mokhtar, M. Toriman, M.E. Armi, A.S.M. Hanidza, T.I.T. Yusoff, M.K. Zain, S.M.
author_facet	Juahir, H. Mokhtar, M. Toriman, M.E. Armi, A.S.M. Hanidza, T.I.T. Yusoff, M.K. Zain, S.M.
author_sort	Juahir, H.
title	Spatial water quality Assessment of Langat River Basin (Malaysia) using environmetric techniques
title_short	Spatial water quality Assessment of Langat River Basin (Malaysia) using environmetric techniques
title_full	Spatial water quality Assessment of Langat River Basin (Malaysia) using environmetric techniques
title_fullStr	Spatial water quality Assessment of Langat River Basin (Malaysia) using environmetric techniques
title_full_unstemmed	Spatial water quality Assessment of Langat River Basin (Malaysia) using environmetric techniques
title_sort	spatial water quality assessment of langat river basin (malaysia) using environmetric techniques
publishDate	2011
url	http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79151486489&partnerID=40&md5=aea8e6e546c87b3d134772840ed16fba http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79151486489&partnerID=40&md5=aea8e6e546c87b3d134772840ed16fba
first_indexed	2018-09-05T16:57:04Z
last_indexed	2018-09-05T16:57:04Z
_version_	1610834003652247552

Spatial water quality Assessment of Langat River Basin (Malaysia) using environmetric techniques

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