The Vpr protein from HIV-1: distinct roles along the viral life cycle
The genomes of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV) encode the gag, pol and env genes and contain at least six supplementary open reading frames termed tat, rev, nef, vif, vpr, vpx and vpu. While the tat and rev genes encode regulatory proteins absolutely required for virus replic...
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BioMed Central
2005
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| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC554975/ |
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pubmed-5549752005-03-20 The Vpr protein from HIV-1: distinct roles along the viral life cycle Le Rouzic, Erwann Benichou, Serge Review The genomes of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV) encode the gag, pol and env genes and contain at least six supplementary open reading frames termed tat, rev, nef, vif, vpr, vpx and vpu. While the tat and rev genes encode regulatory proteins absolutely required for virus replication, nef, vif, vpr, vpx and vpu encode for small proteins referred to "auxiliary" (or "accessory"), since their expression is usually dispensable for virus growth in many in vitro systems. However, these auxiliary proteins are essential for viral replication and pathogenesis in vivo. The two vpr- and vpx-related genes are found only in members of the HIV-2/SIVsm/SIVmac group, whereas primate lentiviruses from other lineages (HIV-1, SIVcpz, SIVagm, SIVmnd and SIVsyk) contain a single vpr gene. In this review, we will mainly focus on vpr from HIV-1 and discuss the most recent developments in our understanding of Vpr functions and its role during the virus replication cycle. BioMed Central 2005-02-22 /pmc/articles/PMC554975/ /pubmed/15725353 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-2-11 Text en Copyright © 2005 Le Rouzic and Benichou; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| repository_type |
Open Access Journal |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
US National Center for Biotechnology Information |
| building |
NCBI PubMed |
| collection |
Online Access |
| language |
English |
| format |
Online |
| author |
Le Rouzic, Erwann Benichou, Serge |
| spellingShingle |
Le Rouzic, Erwann Benichou, Serge The Vpr protein from HIV-1: distinct roles along the viral life cycle |
| author_facet |
Le Rouzic, Erwann Benichou, Serge |
| author_sort |
Le Rouzic, Erwann |
| title |
The Vpr protein from HIV-1: distinct roles along the viral life cycle |
| title_short |
The Vpr protein from HIV-1: distinct roles along the viral life cycle |
| title_full |
The Vpr protein from HIV-1: distinct roles along the viral life cycle |
| title_fullStr |
The Vpr protein from HIV-1: distinct roles along the viral life cycle |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Vpr protein from HIV-1: distinct roles along the viral life cycle |
| title_sort |
vpr protein from hiv-1: distinct roles along the viral life cycle |
| description |
The genomes of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV) encode the gag, pol and env genes and contain at least six supplementary open reading frames termed tat, rev, nef, vif, vpr, vpx and vpu. While the tat and rev genes encode regulatory proteins absolutely required for virus replication, nef, vif, vpr, vpx and vpu encode for small proteins referred to "auxiliary" (or "accessory"), since their expression is usually dispensable for virus growth in many in vitro systems. However, these auxiliary proteins are essential for viral replication and pathogenesis in vivo. The two vpr- and vpx-related genes are found only in members of the HIV-2/SIVsm/SIVmac group, whereas primate lentiviruses from other lineages (HIV-1, SIVcpz, SIVagm, SIVmnd and SIVsyk) contain a single vpr gene. In this review, we will mainly focus on vpr from HIV-1 and discuss the most recent developments in our understanding of Vpr functions and its role during the virus replication cycle. |
| publisher |
BioMed Central |
| publishDate |
2005 |
| url |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC554975/ |
| _version_ |
1611371208682504192 |