In the absence of a “landscape of fear”: How lions, hyenas, and cheetahs coexist

Aggression by top predators can create a “landscape of fear” in which subordinate predators restrict their activity to low‐risk areas or times of day. At large spatial or temporal scales, this can result in the costly loss of access to resources. However, fine‐scale reactive avoidance may minimize t...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Swanson, Alexandra, Arnold, Todd, Kosmala, Margaret, Forester, James, Packer, Craig
Format: Online
Language:English
Published: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2016
Online Access:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5167031/