Heterotypic interactions regulate cell shape and density during color pattern formation in zebrafish

The conspicuous striped coloration of zebrafish is produced by cell-cell interactions among three different types of chromatophores: black melanophores, orange/yellow xanthophores and silvery/blue iridophores. During color pattern formation xanthophores undergo dramatic cell shape transitions and ac...

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Main Authors:	Mahalwar, Prateek, Singh, Ajeet Pratap, Fadeev, Andrey, Nüsslein-Volhard, Christiane, Irion, Uwe
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	The Company of Biologists Ltd 2016
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5155543/

id	pubmed-5155543
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-51555432016-12-16 Heterotypic interactions regulate cell shape and density during color pattern formation in zebrafish Mahalwar, Prateek Singh, Ajeet Pratap Fadeev, Andrey Nüsslein-Volhard, Christiane Irion, Uwe Research Article The conspicuous striped coloration of zebrafish is produced by cell-cell interactions among three different types of chromatophores: black melanophores, orange/yellow xanthophores and silvery/blue iridophores. During color pattern formation xanthophores undergo dramatic cell shape transitions and acquire different densities, leading to compact and orange xanthophores at high density in the light stripes, and stellate, faintly pigmented xanthophores at low density in the dark stripes. Here, we investigate the mechanistic basis of these cell behaviors in vivo, and show that local, heterotypic interactions with dense iridophores regulate xanthophore cell shape transition and density. Genetic analysis reveals a cell-autonomous requirement of gap junctions composed of Cx41.8 and Cx39.4 in xanthophores for their iridophore-dependent cell shape transition and increase in density in light-stripe regions. Initial melanophore-xanthophore interactions are independent of these gap junctions; however, subsequently they are also required to induce the acquisition of stellate shapes in xanthophores of the dark stripes. In summary, we conclude that, whereas homotypic interactions regulate xanthophore coverage in the skin, their cell shape transitions and density is regulated by gap junction-mediated, heterotypic interactions with iridophores and melanophores. The Company of Biologists Ltd 2016-10-14 /pmc/articles/PMC5155543/ /pubmed/27742608 http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/bio.022251 Text en © 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Mahalwar, Prateek Singh, Ajeet Pratap Fadeev, Andrey Nüsslein-Volhard, Christiane Irion, Uwe
spellingShingle	Mahalwar, Prateek Singh, Ajeet Pratap Fadeev, Andrey Nüsslein-Volhard, Christiane Irion, Uwe Heterotypic interactions regulate cell shape and density during color pattern formation in zebrafish
author_facet	Mahalwar, Prateek Singh, Ajeet Pratap Fadeev, Andrey Nüsslein-Volhard, Christiane Irion, Uwe
author_sort	Mahalwar, Prateek
title	Heterotypic interactions regulate cell shape and density during color pattern formation in zebrafish
title_short	Heterotypic interactions regulate cell shape and density during color pattern formation in zebrafish
title_full	Heterotypic interactions regulate cell shape and density during color pattern formation in zebrafish
title_fullStr	Heterotypic interactions regulate cell shape and density during color pattern formation in zebrafish
title_full_unstemmed	Heterotypic interactions regulate cell shape and density during color pattern formation in zebrafish
title_sort	heterotypic interactions regulate cell shape and density during color pattern formation in zebrafish
description	The conspicuous striped coloration of zebrafish is produced by cell-cell interactions among three different types of chromatophores: black melanophores, orange/yellow xanthophores and silvery/blue iridophores. During color pattern formation xanthophores undergo dramatic cell shape transitions and acquire different densities, leading to compact and orange xanthophores at high density in the light stripes, and stellate, faintly pigmented xanthophores at low density in the dark stripes. Here, we investigate the mechanistic basis of these cell behaviors in vivo, and show that local, heterotypic interactions with dense iridophores regulate xanthophore cell shape transition and density. Genetic analysis reveals a cell-autonomous requirement of gap junctions composed of Cx41.8 and Cx39.4 in xanthophores for their iridophore-dependent cell shape transition and increase in density in light-stripe regions. Initial melanophore-xanthophore interactions are independent of these gap junctions; however, subsequently they are also required to induce the acquisition of stellate shapes in xanthophores of the dark stripes. In summary, we conclude that, whereas homotypic interactions regulate xanthophore coverage in the skin, their cell shape transitions and density is regulated by gap junction-mediated, heterotypic interactions with iridophores and melanophores.
publisher	The Company of Biologists Ltd
publishDate	2016
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5155543/
_version_	1613779720958115840

Heterotypic interactions regulate cell shape and density during color pattern formation in zebrafish

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