Modulation of Oligodendrocyte Differentiation by Mechanotransduction

Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are responsible for the myelination of axons in the central nervous system (CNS). The differentiation of OLs encompasses several stages, through which cells undergo dramatic biochemical and morphological changes. OL differentiation is modulated by soluble factors (SFs)—such as...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Lourenço, Tânia, Grãos, Mário
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2016
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5126080/

id	pubmed-5126080
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-51260802016-12-13 Modulation of Oligodendrocyte Differentiation by Mechanotransduction Lourenço, Tânia Grãos, Mário Neuroscience Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are responsible for the myelination of axons in the central nervous system (CNS). The differentiation of OLs encompasses several stages, through which cells undergo dramatic biochemical and morphological changes. OL differentiation is modulated by soluble factors (SFs)—such as growth factors and hormones—, known to be essential for each maturation stage. Besides SFs, insoluble factors such as extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and other microenvironmental elements also play a pivotal role during OL differentiation. Recently, a growing number of studies were published concerning the effect of biophysical properties of the extracellular milieu on OL differentiation and myelination, showing the importance of ECM stiffness and topography, strain forces and spatial constraints. For instance, it was shown in vitro that OL differentiation and maturation is enhanced by substrates within the reported range of stiffness of the brain and that this effect is potentiated by the presence of merosin, whereas the myelination process is influenced by the diameter of axonal-like fibers. In this mini review article, we will discuss the effect of mechanical cues during OL differentiation and the possible molecular mechanisms involved in such regulation. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-11-29 /pmc/articles/PMC5126080/ /pubmed/27965541 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2016.00277 Text en Copyright © 2016 Lourenço and Grãos. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution and reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Lourenço, Tânia Grãos, Mário
spellingShingle	Lourenço, Tânia Grãos, Mário Modulation of Oligodendrocyte Differentiation by Mechanotransduction
author_facet	Lourenço, Tânia Grãos, Mário
author_sort	Lourenço, Tânia
title	Modulation of Oligodendrocyte Differentiation by Mechanotransduction
title_short	Modulation of Oligodendrocyte Differentiation by Mechanotransduction
title_full	Modulation of Oligodendrocyte Differentiation by Mechanotransduction
title_fullStr	Modulation of Oligodendrocyte Differentiation by Mechanotransduction
title_full_unstemmed	Modulation of Oligodendrocyte Differentiation by Mechanotransduction
title_sort	modulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation by mechanotransduction
description	Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are responsible for the myelination of axons in the central nervous system (CNS). The differentiation of OLs encompasses several stages, through which cells undergo dramatic biochemical and morphological changes. OL differentiation is modulated by soluble factors (SFs)—such as growth factors and hormones—, known to be essential for each maturation stage. Besides SFs, insoluble factors such as extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and other microenvironmental elements also play a pivotal role during OL differentiation. Recently, a growing number of studies were published concerning the effect of biophysical properties of the extracellular milieu on OL differentiation and myelination, showing the importance of ECM stiffness and topography, strain forces and spatial constraints. For instance, it was shown in vitro that OL differentiation and maturation is enhanced by substrates within the reported range of stiffness of the brain and that this effect is potentiated by the presence of merosin, whereas the myelination process is influenced by the diameter of axonal-like fibers. In this mini review article, we will discuss the effect of mechanical cues during OL differentiation and the possible molecular mechanisms involved in such regulation.
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2016
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5126080/
_version_	1613743881748217856

Modulation of Oligodendrocyte Differentiation by Mechanotransduction

Similar Items