Increased gene dosage for β- and κ-casein in transgenic cattle improves milk composition through complex effects
We have previously generated transgenic cattle with additional copies of bovine β- and κ casein genes. An initial characterisation of milk produced with a hormonally induced lactation from these transgenic cows showed an altered milk composition with elevated β-casein levels and twofold increased κ-...
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| Format: | Online |
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Nature Publishing Group
2016
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| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5120311/ |
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pubmed-51203112016-11-28 Increased gene dosage for β- and κ-casein in transgenic cattle improves milk composition through complex effects Laible, Götz Smolenski, Grant Wheeler, Thomas Brophy, Brigid Article We have previously generated transgenic cattle with additional copies of bovine β- and κ casein genes. An initial characterisation of milk produced with a hormonally induced lactation from these transgenic cows showed an altered milk composition with elevated β-casein levels and twofold increased κ-casein content. Here we report the first in-depth characterisation of the composition of the enriched casein milk that was produced through a natural lactation. We have analyzed milk from the high expressing transgenic line TG3 for milk composition at early, peak, mid and late lactation. The introduction of additional β- and κ-casein genes resulted in the expected expression of the transgene derived proteins and an associated reduction in the size of the casein micelles. Expression of the transgenes was associated with complex changes in the expression levels of other milk proteins. Two other major milk components were affected, namely fat and micronutrients. In addition, the sialic acid content of the milk was increased. In contrast, the level of lactose remained unchanged. This novel milk with its substantially altered composition will provide insights into the regulatory processes synchronizing the synthesis and assembly of milk components, as well as production of potentially healthier milk with improved dairy processing characteristics. Nature Publishing Group 2016-11-23 /pmc/articles/PMC5120311/ /pubmed/27876865 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep37607 Text en Copyright © 2016, The Author(s) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| repository_type |
Open Access Journal |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
US National Center for Biotechnology Information |
| building |
NCBI PubMed |
| collection |
Online Access |
| language |
English |
| format |
Online |
| author |
Laible, Götz Smolenski, Grant Wheeler, Thomas Brophy, Brigid |
| spellingShingle |
Laible, Götz Smolenski, Grant Wheeler, Thomas Brophy, Brigid Increased gene dosage for β- and κ-casein in transgenic cattle improves milk composition through complex effects |
| author_facet |
Laible, Götz Smolenski, Grant Wheeler, Thomas Brophy, Brigid |
| author_sort |
Laible, Götz |
| title |
Increased gene dosage for β- and κ-casein in transgenic cattle improves milk composition through complex effects |
| title_short |
Increased gene dosage for β- and κ-casein in transgenic cattle improves milk composition through complex effects |
| title_full |
Increased gene dosage for β- and κ-casein in transgenic cattle improves milk composition through complex effects |
| title_fullStr |
Increased gene dosage for β- and κ-casein in transgenic cattle improves milk composition through complex effects |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Increased gene dosage for β- and κ-casein in transgenic cattle improves milk composition through complex effects |
| title_sort |
increased gene dosage for β- and κ-casein in transgenic cattle improves milk composition through complex effects |
| description |
We have previously generated transgenic cattle with additional copies of bovine β- and κ casein genes. An initial characterisation of milk produced with a hormonally induced lactation from these transgenic cows showed an altered milk composition with elevated β-casein levels and twofold increased κ-casein content. Here we report the first in-depth characterisation of the composition of the enriched casein milk that was produced through a natural lactation. We have analyzed milk from the high expressing transgenic line TG3 for milk composition at early, peak, mid and late lactation. The introduction of additional β- and κ-casein genes resulted in the expected expression of the transgene derived proteins and an associated reduction in the size of the casein micelles. Expression of the transgenes was associated with complex changes in the expression levels of other milk proteins. Two other major milk components were affected, namely fat and micronutrients. In addition, the sialic acid content of the milk was increased. In contrast, the level of lactose remained unchanged. This novel milk with its substantially altered composition will provide insights into the regulatory processes synchronizing the synthesis and assembly of milk components, as well as production of potentially healthier milk with improved dairy processing characteristics. |
| publisher |
Nature Publishing Group |
| publishDate |
2016 |
| url |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5120311/ |
| _version_ |
1613737979354808320 |