Preterm Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy

Preterm Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy

Hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a recognizable and defined clinical syndrome in term infants that results from a severe or prolonged hypoxic–ischemic episode before or during birth. However, in the preterm infant, defining hypoxic–ischemic injury (HII), its clinical course, monitoring, and...

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Main Authors: Gopagondanahalli, Krishna Revanna, Li, Jingang, Fahey, Michael C., Hunt, Rod W., Jenkin, Graham, Miller, Suzanne L., Malhotra, Atul
Format: Online
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2016
Online Access:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5071348/
id pubmed-5071348
recordtype oai_dc
spelling pubmed-50713482016-11-03 Preterm Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy Gopagondanahalli, Krishna Revanna Li, Jingang Fahey, Michael C. Hunt, Rod W. Jenkin, Graham Miller, Suzanne L. Malhotra, Atul Pediatrics Hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a recognizable and defined clinical syndrome in term infants that results from a severe or prolonged hypoxic–ischemic episode before or during birth. However, in the preterm infant, defining hypoxic–ischemic injury (HII), its clinical course, monitoring, and outcomes remains complex. Few studies examine preterm HIE, and these are heterogeneous, with variable inclusion criteria and outcomes reported. We examine the available evidence that implies that the incidence of hypoxic–ischemic insult in preterm infants is probably higher than recognized and follows a more complex clinical course, with higher rates of adverse neurological outcomes, compared to term infants. This review aims to elucidate the causes and consequences of preterm hypoxia–ischemia, the subsequent clinical encephalopathy syndrome, diagnostic tools, and outcomes. Finally, we suggest a uniform definition for preterm HIE that may help in identifying infants most at risk of adverse outcomes and amenable to neuroprotective therapies. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-10-20 /pmc/articles/PMC5071348/ /pubmed/27812521 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2016.00114 Text en Copyright © 2016 Gopagondanahalli, Li, Fahey, Hunt, Jenkin, Miller and Malhotra. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
repository_type Open Access Journal
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building NCBI PubMed
collection Online Access
language English
format Online
author Gopagondanahalli, Krishna Revanna
Li, Jingang
Fahey, Michael C.
Hunt, Rod W.
Jenkin, Graham
Miller, Suzanne L.
Malhotra, Atul
spellingShingle Gopagondanahalli, Krishna Revanna
Li, Jingang
Fahey, Michael C.
Hunt, Rod W.
Jenkin, Graham
Miller, Suzanne L.
Malhotra, Atul
Preterm Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy
author_facet Gopagondanahalli, Krishna Revanna
Li, Jingang
Fahey, Michael C.
Hunt, Rod W.
Jenkin, Graham
Miller, Suzanne L.
Malhotra, Atul
author_sort Gopagondanahalli, Krishna Revanna
title Preterm Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy
title_short Preterm Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy
title_full Preterm Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy
title_fullStr Preterm Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy
title_full_unstemmed Preterm Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy
title_sort preterm hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy
description Hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a recognizable and defined clinical syndrome in term infants that results from a severe or prolonged hypoxic–ischemic episode before or during birth. However, in the preterm infant, defining hypoxic–ischemic injury (HII), its clinical course, monitoring, and outcomes remains complex. Few studies examine preterm HIE, and these are heterogeneous, with variable inclusion criteria and outcomes reported. We examine the available evidence that implies that the incidence of hypoxic–ischemic insult in preterm infants is probably higher than recognized and follows a more complex clinical course, with higher rates of adverse neurological outcomes, compared to term infants. This review aims to elucidate the causes and consequences of preterm hypoxia–ischemia, the subsequent clinical encephalopathy syndrome, diagnostic tools, and outcomes. Finally, we suggest a uniform definition for preterm HIE that may help in identifying infants most at risk of adverse outcomes and amenable to neuroprotective therapies.
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate 2016
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5071348/
_version_ 1613690386608291840

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